Improving the energy and environmental performance of a diesel internal combustion engine by using a hydrogen-containing additive

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The areas of hydrogen energetics development are analyzed. The main problems faced by Western automakers and which determine the ways to solve the problems of hydrogen vehicles are outlined. It is noted that small-scale production of hydrogen cars has already begun in Europe and the USA. The development of this direction requires the creation of a network of filling stations, which is related to the high financial cost of hydrogen fuel production technologies and the development of the appropriate infrastructure. The world economy transition to a new energy source requires the introduction of large electrical capacities.

AIMS: Technologies of vehicle onboard hydrogen production with use of hydrogen-containing substances are of interest of the study, as they are highly safe, cheap in production and easy in service.

METHODS: The experimental design developments on converting diesel and gasoline internal combustion engines to run on hydrogen, made by NAMI in the past years, are considered. In the development of this direction, MADI has developed an original method for vehicle onboard hydrogen production with hydrogen supply to the cylinders of a bifuel diesel internal combustion engine.

RESULTS: During the tests, an increase in power indicators, an increase in the effective efficiency of the internal combustion engine and a decrease in the content of CH and CO in the exhaust gases of a diesel engine with a certain increase in nitrogen oxides were obtained.

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About the authors

Andrey Yu. Dunin

Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)

Email: a.u.dunin@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0676-4135
SPIN-code: 3964-8620

Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Alexander V. Shabanov

Research Center for Testing and Updating of Automotive Equipment of the Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute “NAMI”

Author for correspondence.
Email: saaha-1955@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2742-5311

Cand. Sci. (Tech.), expert

Russian Federation, Moscow Region

Thin Quynh Nguyen

University of Transport and Communications

Email: thinquynh@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9755-5827

Cand. Sci. (Tech.), lecturer

Viet Nam, Hanoi

Mikhail G. Shatrov

Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)

Email: dvs@madi.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7350-9831
SPIN-code: 1194-3851

Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Leonid N. Golubkov

Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)

Email: dvsgolubkov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7048-6937
SPIN-code: 9460-4847

Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Vehicle onboard production of the HHO gas: a – scheme of water electrolysis with sodium; b – scheme of the generator for the HHO gas production.

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3. Fig. 2. The 4ChN 9/10 diesel engine combustion chamber (a) and the location scheme (b) of the diesel fuel system for separated supply of the HHO gas and diesel fuel: 1 – diesel fuel fine mesh filter; 2 – low-pressure fuel line; 3 – fuel transfer pump; 4 – high-pressure fuel pump for diesel fuel supply; 5 – automatic rotation velocity controller; 6 – high-pressure fuel line; 7 – injector; 8 – gas generator; 9 – the HHO tube; 10 – air filter; 11 – intake pipeline; 12 – fuel tank for diesel fuel storage; 13 – diesel fuel coarse mesh filter.

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4. Fig. 3. Power and economic performance of the 4ChN 9/10 diesel engine in a partial load condition (50% of torque from the full-load curve): DT – operation with diesel fuel; DT+HHO – operation with addition of the HHO gas at the intake.

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5. Fig. 4. Content of toxic substances in the exhaust of the 4ChN 9/10 diesel engine in a partial load condition (30% of torque from the full-load curve): DT – operation with diesel fuel; DT+HHO – operation with addition of the HHO gas at the intake.

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