Archive of images of Russian glaciers

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Historical materials, including photographic records, play an important role in the study of glacier dynamics. Archives scattered around the world contain collections of glacier images from the mid-19th century to the present day. In Russia, until recently, such systematized and accessible data were practically absent. For the first time work on compiling such a collection in Russia was started at the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the support of the Russian Geographic Society. Images of glaciers were searched in the archives of Institute of Geography RAS, Tomsk State University, Moscow State University, Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS, Institute of Limnology SB RAS, the library of the Russian Geographical Society, scientific publications, personal archives, and the Internet. Special attention was paid to the availability of historical documents dating back to the mid-19th – early 20th century. For comparison with historical images, modern photographs of the beginning of the 21st century taken from the same points were selected. As a result of the project, time series of images of glaciers of the Caucasus, Altai, Kamchatka, Kodar, Eastern Sayan, Baikal, Barguzinsky, Verkhneangarsky, Koryak Plateau, Kuznetsk Alatau, Novaya Zemlya, Severnaya Zemlya ranges were created. Analysis of the data obtained confirms the stable trend of glacier fronts retreat in all represented areas. But there are some exceptions. These are dynamically unstable glaciers and glaciers of volcanic areas of Kamchatka. In the Caucasus, the surging Kolka glacier is recovering after the catastrophe of 2002. The surge of the Vavilov Ice Cap outlet glacier on Severnaya Zemlya continues. Access to the data is a website (https://sites.google.com/view/images-of-russian-glaciers). As of the beginning of 2025, more than 1500 glacier images have been placed on the site. The data can be used both in scientific research for detailed analysis of glacier changes and for a wide audience actively interested in the nature of mountain and polar regions of Russia. It is planned to expand and replenish the archive of images of Russian glaciers.

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Sobre autores

T. Khromova

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: tkhromova@gmail.com
Rússia, Moscow

S. Nikitin

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tkhromova@gmail.com
Rússia, Moscow

A. Muraviev

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tkhromova@gmail.com
Rússia, Moscow

G. Nosenko

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tkhromova@gmail.com
Rússia, Moscow

A. Glazovsky

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tkhromova@gmail.com
Rússia, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Bolshoi Azau Glacier from the Baksan Gorge. 1849 and 1874. Engraving. Author: Otto Wilhelm Нermann von Abich (а). The Bolshoi Azau Glacier from the Baksan valley. 1884. Author: Moritz von Deschy (б)

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3. Fig. 2. A photograph of the Karaugom Glacier. 1890. Vitorio Sella

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4. Fig. 3. Maily and Kolka glaciers in 1901. Photo by M.P. Preobrazhenskaya (Preobrazhenskaya, 1904 (а) and in 2014 photo by S.A. Nikitin (б). The images were taken from the same point

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5. Fig. 4. Katunsky Glacier. Photo by L. Poltoratskaya 1870 (а) and S.I. Borisov 1910 (б)

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6. Fig. 5. Front of the Koryto Glacier on the Kronotsky Peninsula. Photo by V.N. Vinogradov in 1971 (а) and Ya.D. Muraviev in 1982 (б) and 1997 (в)

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7. Fig. 5. Continued

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