Analysis of the microbial profile of sputum and the il-4, il-6, il-10, ifn-γ cytokine levels in patients with community-acquired pneumonia during the covid-19 pandemic

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Abstract

Objective. Analysis of the microbial profile and interleukin-4, -6, -10 (IL-4, -6, -10) cytokine and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels in sputum samples of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods. Patients with CAP with positive results of sputum polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the RNA of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) were included in the group 1 (n = 46), patients with negative results - in the group 2 (n = 57). Bacteriological and enzyme immunoassays of sputum were performed.

Results. In both groups there were pathogens belonging to 3 genera: Streptococcus spp. in group 1 – 35.7 ± 2.0, in group 2 – 34.0 ± 2.2 (p > 0.05); Staphylococcus spp. – 24.5 ± 2.2 and 11.8 ± 4.3% (p < 0.05); yeast-like fungi of the Candida genus – 47.0 ± 2.3 and 11.2 ± 1.3% (p < 0.05), respectively. Analysis of cytokines in sputum showed that in samples from patients of the group 1, the IFN-γ γ level was 89.58 ± 26.5 pg/mL, and in the group 2 – 121.07 ± 24.55 pg/mL (p > 0, 05); IL-10 – 22.11 ± 6.19 pg/mL and 13.64 ± 3.50 pg/mL, respectively (p > 0.05).

Conclusion. The structure of the sputum microbiota in patients with CAP in both groups was dominated by Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, which were significantly more resistant to antibiotics. The significant role of yeast-like fungi of the Candida genus in the development of CAP has been shown. In CAP, overproduction of the anti-inflammatory IFN-γ was detected. A significant difference in cytokine levels in groups 1 and 2 was noted for IL-10 – 22.1 ± and 13.6 ± 3.5 pg/ml, respectively (p < 0.05).

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About the authors

Inna S. Polishchuk

Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Author for correspondence.
Email: in.polischuk2014@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7188-6465

Junior Researcher

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Anna V. Aleshukina

Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: aaleshukina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9797-2441

MD, Chief Researcher

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Denis V. Dontsov

Rostov State Medical University

Email: d_dontcov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9253-3864

Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Kristina G. Markova

Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: syomchenko@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5154-1171

Researcher, Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Iraida S. Berezinskaya

Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being

Email: aleshukina@yandex.ru

Junior Researcher

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don

Tatiana I. Tverdokhlebova

Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; Rostov State Medical University

Email: rostovniimp@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3912-0291

MD, Director

Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don; Rostov-on-Don

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