Quantum Mechanics and Thermodynamics: Paradoxes and Possibilities

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Abstract

This paper examines phenomena in quantum mechanics that may initially appear to violate the laws of thermodynamics but actually conform to quantum principles. The discussion includes phenomena such as the impulse tunneling effect (ITE), quantum tunneling that allows particles to pass through potential barriers; superconductivity, where electric current flows without resistance and the wave function collapse that occurs during the measurement of quantum systems. The Zeno effect, where a particle can remain in an excited state under constant observation, and quantum fluctuations related to vacuum energy, leading to the emergence of virtual particles, are also considered. The potential for effective solar energy utilization through ITE is highlighted, even in the presence of insufficient quantum energy in the solar spectrum. Despite the apparent contradictions with the laws of thermodynamics, these quantum phenomena underscore the uniqueness and complexity of the quantum world, enhancing our understanding of physics and demonstrating that quantum mechanics operates within its own principles without violating thermodynamic laws.

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Rustam Kh. Rakhimov

Institute of Material Science of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan

Author for correspondence.
Email: rustam-shsul@yandex.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6964-9260
SPIN-code: 3026-2619

Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Head of Laboratory No. 1

Uzbekistan, Tashkent

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