Optimizing tilt angle for enhanced solar panel efficiency: A case study in Parkent, Uzbekistan

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Abstract

The efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems is significantly influenced by the tilt angle of solar panels, especially in regions with varying solar insolation across seasons. This study investigates the optimal tilt angle for a 10 kW solar-powered system installed in the Parkent district of Uzbekistan, a region characterized by a continental climate and high solar irradiance. Based on empirical formulas, the research identifies 33° as the fixed optimal tilt angle for year-round operation. Seasonal adjustments offer marginal gains, with two- and four-season tilt configurations improving performance by up to 4%. The findings highlight the importance of site-specific tilt optimization in maximizing solar energy harvesting, which is particularly relevant for autonomous renewable energy systems used in hydrogen production.

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About the authors

Mirjalol U. o‘g‘li Nosirov

Institute of Materials Science, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan

Author for correspondence.
Email: m.nosirov@imssolar.uz
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-5106-6704

PhD student

Uzbekistan, Tashkent

Yuldash B. Sobirov

Institute of Materials Science, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan

Email: m.nosirov@imssolar.uz

Dr. Sci. (Eng.)

Uzbekistan, Tashkent

Shavkat R. Nurmatov

Institute of Materials Science, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan

Email: sh.nurmatov@imssolar.uz
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7206-5220
SPIN-code: 3075-6013

Cand. Sci. (Eng.)

Uzbekistan, Tashkent

Khamdam Yu. Rakhimov

Institute of Materials Science, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan

Email: bbilolzon@gmail.com

Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.)

Uzbekistan, Tashkent

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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1. JATS XML
2. Fig. 1. Geometric representation of the tilt angle β of a solar panel relative to the horizontal plane. The diagram shows the relation between the panel surface, the solar elevation angle (h), and incoming solar rays from the south (S), with β determining the optimal orientation for maximum irradiance capture

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3. Fig. 2. Contour plot of monthly energy yield as a function of tilt angle (°) and calendar month for a 10 kW solar installation in Parkent, Uzbekistan. Maximum yields are observed between May and August, with an optimal tilt angle around 33–35° for year-round performance

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4. Fig. 3. Monthly optimal tilt angles calculated using the online solar angle calculator. The tilt angle increases during the winter months to capture low-angle sunlight and decreases in summer when the sun is higher in the sky, illustrating a clear seasonal trend in optimal panel orientation

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