卷 10, 编号 5 (2023)

The method of determining the function of labor supply at the macro level is presented in several variants. On the example of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, the results of experimental calculations based on this method are presented. Dynamic series of characteristics of the Russian labor market are used. A non-standard approach to determining the parameters of regression equations, which are modified labor supply functions, has been tested. This approach is based on the absolute values of deviations of the theoretical values of the function from the observed ones. The value of these functions is the level of population economic activity; real wages are an argument. The value of labor supply, i.e. labor force, is defined as the value of a two-factor function. Its arguments are real wages and the size of the age cohort of the economically active population. The technique under consideration gives results that adequately reflect reality.

In the context of the systemic socio-economic crisis, accelerating the integration of the PRC into global political and economic processes and increasing the pressure of globalization, the task of building a society of innovation and determining effective trajectories, as well as the likely contours of modernization of all spheres of government, is on the agenda. This will allow China to become one of the most highly developed countries and increase the country's ranking position in the dynamically changing global structure of the world.In this context, transformational changes in social and labor relations have a high level of relevance. Their regulation has a distinctly situational and sometimes social character. The modernization effects of social and labor relations extend not only to the labor market but also determine the ability of society to introduce technological advances, reproduce the desired qualitative parameters of the workforce and form productive models of labor behavior. Innovation is the identifier and condition for the modernization of social and labor relations; and youth is a conductor of innovative development.The experience of China can be useful for understanding the differences between the social and labor relations of young people in China and in Russia. However, this topic remains little studied in Russia. This justifies the choice of the topic of this article.This article solves the actual problem of studying the peculiarities of regulating social and labor relations of young people in China. The article will be of interest to students of higher educational institutions in the preparation of professional personnel in the field of human capital management and the adaptation of labor resources to modern labor market requirements.

The relevance of the research problem is related to the fact that in recent years the labor market has been influenced by various factors: pandemic, digitalization, sanctions policy and mobilization. Their effects are still insufficiently studied. Some of these factors increased the risks of technological unemployment, while others increased the risks of structural unemployment. The article identifies the main demographic trends in the Irkutsk region and their impact on the labor market: a systematic decline in the population and a reduction in the number of labor resources against this background. The author analyzes the components of this dynamics and concludes that this was due to both the natural decline of the population and the negative balance of migration. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the economic crisis and the situation of uncertainty in the labor market caused by the pandemic affected the decline in the number of employed in the Irkutsk region also caused a significant increase in total and registered unemployment. At the same time, the declared need for labor remained quite high. This allowed to conclude that the labor shortage situation in the regional labor market, despite the economic crisis, prevails.Based on the conducted research, the author came to the conclusion that in 2022 the situation has stabilized. The statistical indicators of the labor market have returned to pre-crisis values, which indicates the manifestation of adaptive mechanisms of the regional labor market. The article may be of interest to specialists, academic staff, students studying the problems of the labor market and employment.

It is necessary to evaluate the return on investment in personnel for all companies of all industries and sizes if the organization values qualified and motivated personnel whose results contribute to the achievement of business goals. However, it is quite difficult to make an accurate calculation since there is no single approach to how exactly to measure the effectiveness of investments in personnel. When calculating, it is important to take into account the needs of the organization and understand which indicators should be improved.The article considers the indicators reflecting the Russian practice of measuring the effectiveness of investments and describes the main indicators of the effectiveness of investments in the personnel of foreign companies.Methodological guidelines developed for the company in order to establish common approaches to assessing the effectiveness of measures that allow generating information necessary for making informed management decisions are presented.The authors propose a classification of indicators to assess the economic effect of investments in personnel by project groups.

The article is devoted to the problem of identifying the upstream causes as a result of a fatal industrial accident. The author has proposed a model for identifying the upstream causes of industrial accidents. A step-by-step analysis of the accident was carried out. As a result, the upstream causes were identified; and measures to prevent such cases were proposed. It is concluded that it is necessary to change the approach to the investigation of an industrial accident, since the main attention should be focused on the chain of events that led to the accident. This approach will help to take the most effective measures that will ensure safe working conditions for employees.