Prevalence of risk factors for cardiometabolic complications in population of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic plain and mountain areas

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Abstract

Article presents an estimation of cardiometabolic risk in residents of high mountains and lowlands of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR).

The aim: to determine the prevalence of risk factors (RFs) for cardiometabolic complications in residents of the highlands and lowlands of KBR using bioimpedansometry, computer photoplethysmography and volumetric sphygmography.

Material and methods. On the basis of the University clinic of Kh.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University 102 patients from Kabardino-Balkarian Republic aged 35–74 years were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st group included residents of flat areas (51 persons: 16 males, 35 females, average age 60.59 ± 10.41 years), 2nd group – residents of mountainous areas (51 persons: 21 males, 30 females, mean age 62.09 ± 11.01 years). All study participants underwent noninvasive bioimpedance measurements, computer photoplethysmography, and volumetric sphygmography.

Results. In the observation groups, 7–9 modifiable risk factors for chronic non-infectious diseases were identified. Using bioimpedansometry, in participants a high prevalence of obesity, mainly of the 1st degree, was found. In both groups, the abdominal type of obesity predominated, which is more associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus developing. Also in both groups there was an increase in blood glucose levels, characterizing the impaired carbohydrate tolerance. The level of visceral fat was significantly higher in residents of flat areas.

Conclusion. Relatively healthy patients were diagnosed with stage 1 obesity, stage I chronic kidney disease, and impaired carbohydrate tolerance. They were recommended to have a diet therapy (standard diet No. 9 for 3 months), taking into account adequate caloric intake in terms of basal metabolic rate, increased physical activity, and prescribed fixed combinations of antihypertensive drugs and statins with a follow-up visit after 3 months and 1 year. A prospective analysis of the results based on compliance with these recommendations is planned. It was concluded that it is necessary to implement bioimpedansometry and methods for assessing arterial stiffness and endothelial function in the health survey of certain groups of the adult population.

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About the authors

Magira R. Akkaeva

Kh.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: magiraakkaeva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-3232-6037

MD, assistant at the Department of faculty therapy

Russian Federation, 360004, Nalchik, 173 Chernyshevskogo St.

Murat A. Umetov

Kh.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University

Email: umetovma@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-2519-495X

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, head of the Department of of faculty therapy

Russian Federation, 360004, Nalchik, 173 Chernyshevskogo St.

Inara A. Khakuasheva

Kh.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University

Email: inara2333@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2621-0068

MD, assistant at the Department of faculty therapy

Russian Federation, 360004, Nalchik, 173 Chernyshevskogo St.

Madina A. Malkarova

Kh.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University

Email: m.a.malkarova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-1186-9556

6th year student in the field of general medicine

Russian Federation, 360004, Nalchik, 173 Chernyshevskogo St.

Maryam R. Pogorova

Kh.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University

Email: maryasha_16@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-5509-345X

6th year student in the field of general medicine

Russian Federation, 360004, Nalchik, 173 Chernyshevskogo St.

Milana R. Kurashinova

Kh.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University

Email: kurashinova.m@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0922-3174

5th year student in the field of general medicine

Russian Federation, 360004, Nalchik, 173 Chernyshevskogo St.

Diana A. Tlizamova

Kh.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University

Email: magiraakkaeva@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-0873-9410

5th year student in the field of general medicine

Russian Federation, 360004, Nalchik, 173 Chernyshevskogo St.

Naina A. Maremshaova

Kh.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University

Email: nmaremshaova@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-0962-3661

5th year student in the field of general medicine

Russian Federation, 360004, Nalchik, 173 Chernyshevskogo St.

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