Predictors of anemia development in long-lasting post-COVID syndrome

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Resumo

Prevalence and significance of anemia in COVID-19, especially in post-COVID period, have not been studied sufficiently. Data on the frequency and prognostic role of this condition in patients in the post-COVID period are contradictory. One of the promising directions in cardiology and therapy is the study of anemia development predictors in patients with shortness of breath who have had a novel coronavirus infection (NCVI).

The aim: to determine predictors of anemia development in patients with shortness of breath in long-lasting post-COVID syndrome.

Material and methods. From March 2020 to August 2023, 878 patients visited a pulmonologist in outpatient clinic for dyspnea ≥ 3 months after NCVI. 205 persons of them who met the inclusion criteria and had no exclusion criteria were selected for the study. Anemia was registered in 35 (17.1%) of them (Group 1), the remaining 170 (82.9%) participants did not have this condition (Group 2).

Results. Patients who underwent NCVI in the group with hemoglobin level of ≤ 129 g/l in males and ≤ 119 g/l in females had a statistically significantly lower level of serum iron in the limit of normal range. A strong direct correlation was found between hemoglobin and serum iron (r = 0.479, p < 0.05). Patients with anemia were statistically more likely to have in anamnesis NCVI with pneumonia, NCVI with pneumonia and hospitalization, NCVI with intensive care unit stay, as well as a prolonged clinical course of NCVI of ≥ 12 weeks. In addition, in the 1st group of the study, a statistically significantly lower glomerular filtration rate in the range of 45–59 ml / min. / 1.73 m2 was recorded.

Conclusion. The development of anemia was associated with more severe forms of previous NCVI complicated by pneumonia with hospitalization. Anemia more often developed in patients over 60 years old, it was accompanied by metabolic disorders and concomitant pathology.

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Sobre autores

Natalya Koziolova

Academician E.A. Wagner Perm State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: nakoziolova@mail.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7003-5186
Código SPIN: 1044-0503

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, head of the Department of internal medicine propaedeutics No. 2

Rússia, Perm

Anna Chernyavina

Academician E.A. Wagner Perm State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia

Email: anna_chernyavina@list.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0051-6694
Código SPIN: 2387-6781

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), associate professor of the Department of internal medicine propaedeutics No. 2

Rússia, Perm

Olga Masalkina

Academician E.A. Wagner Perm State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia

Email: omasalkina@mail.ru
ORCID ID: 0009-0006-3364-0591
Código SPIN: 4394-5330

MD, PhD (Medicine), associate professor of the Department of internal medicine propaedeutics No. 2

Rússia, Perm

Dmitry Sosnin

Academician E.A. Wagner Perm State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia

Email: sosnin_dm@mail.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1232-8826
Código SPIN: 4204-6796

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor of the Department of faculty therapy No. 2, occupational pathology and clinical laboratory diagnostics

Rússia, Perm

Bibliografia

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2. Fig. 1. ROC curve for serum iron in the studied patients with long-term post-COVID syndrome as a predictor of anemia development. With a parameter value of <11.9 μmol/L

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3. Fig. 2. ROC curve for pulmonary fibrosis in the studied patients with long-term post-COVID syndrome as a predictor of anemia development with a parameter value > 45%

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4. Fig. 3. ROC curve for D-dimer in the studied patients with prolonged post-COVID syndrome as a predictor of the risk of developing anemia with a parameter value of > 423 ng/ml

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5. Fig. 4. ROC curve for glomerular filtration rate calculated by cystatin c in the studied patients with long-term post-COVID syndrome as a predictor of the development of anemia with a parameter value ≤ 52 ml / min. / 1.73 m2

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