Factors and mechanism of development of infectious and non-infectious pharyngitis

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The main endogenous factors in the development of pharyngitis are gastroesophageal and laryngopharyngeal reflux, chronic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, adenoiditis, systemic vasculitis (Kawasaki or Behcet’s disease), thyroid disease. Exogenous factors that affect mucous membrane of the oropharynx include pollutants (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, etc.), carbon dioxide, toxic production factors emitted at various industrial enterprises, in printing houses, livestock and agro-industrial farms, living conditions at home or in offices associated with the development of sick building syndrome (SBS), tobacco smoke and smoking e-cigarettes, increased vocal loads, use of inhaled glucocorticosteroids and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The impact of these factors can change biocenosis of the mucous membrane of palatine tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall and provoke the development of an infectious process, forming interdependent correlations.

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作者简介

Elena Savlevich

M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute; Clinical Hospital of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: savllena@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4031-308X
SPIN 代码: 7000-3714

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), associate professor, otolaryngologist

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

Pyotr Markus

Polyclinic No. 3 of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation

Email: markusp@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2564-6601

MD, head of the Department of otolaryngology with surdology and hearing aid room

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Tatyana Kabanova

M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute

Email: kabanova75@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-0990-2535
SPIN 代码: 9358-1745

MD, PhD (Medicine), head of the multidisciplinary day hospital

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Andrey Yastremsky

Tyumen Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia

Email: yastrem-andrej97@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7760-4860
SPIN 代码: 8186-5360

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, head of the Department of otolaryngology

俄罗斯联邦, Tyumen

Anastasia Kagan

M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute

Email: njuk20@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-1868-3169

MD, pulmonologist

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Kirill Bessonov

Bionorica LLC

Email: i@kbessonov.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-5182-3668

medical marketing manager

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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