Food Policy and Security

Amidst geopolitical instability, the achievement of technological sovereignty and the integration of new knowledge-intensive technology into all stages of agricultural production will solve not only the problem of strengthening the competitiveness of Russian agricultural products in the global food market, but also overcoming the inertia of sectoral innovative development in the conditions of compression of cross-border investment flows. The article presents an analysis of institutional, financial and infrastructural measures of state support that contribute to the elimination of technological import dependence of the Russian agro-food companies. It is proved that there are possibilities of technical and technological modernization of the fixed assets of the agro-food companies to ensure the technological sovereignty of the agro-industrial complex in the conditions of a reduction in the share of imported products in the agricultural machinery market and lack of access to ready-made foreign solutions and breakthrough technology. The necessity of developing a concept of technological development of the Russian agro-food complex for a long-term period is substantiated; and the main stages of its implementation are highlighted. The author took into account the specifics of the current situation in the industry and the prospects for growth of the domestic segment of the agrotechnology market.

The article analyzes Russian exports of agricultural products. Trends and regularities in the growth of foreign trade were identified. Export factors have been analyzed. Based on econometric tools, it was found that the investment activity of economic entities of agribusiness has the greatest impact on the turnover of foreign trade in agricultural goods. The amount of state support has the opposite effect, which requires further analysis of the tools, mechanisms and amounts of funding used. Recommendations for the development of domestic food exports have been proposed. The article will be of interest to scientists and specialists in the field of export of agricultural products.

Studies of motivation in rural entrepreneurship have demonstrated its positive impact on the well-being of both businessmen themselves and rural community, but little is still known about the diversity of motivation types. In this research, the authors try to answer the following question. What types of motivation of rural businessmen should be allocated not only for the purpose of researching the effective organization of support for rural businessmen, but also for the purpose of directing the businessmen's activities to those activities that can bring the greatest not only economic, but also social effect for the rural population and ensure sustainable development of rural areas? Based on the perspective of unforeseen circumstances grounded on the theory of self-determination, the authors conducted the expert study to explain the influence of motivation on the willingness of rural residents to engage in business activity. The analysis demonstrates that social motivation does not have a significant impact on the willingness to do business. At the same time, purely economic motivation has a positive impact on future businessmen.In general, the research raises questions about the need for a taxonomy of rural businessmen's motivation, which will increase the effectiveness of not only the business activities, but also government support to ensure the sustainable development of rural society.

The article discusses the prospects of recreational forestry and its socio-economic efficiency. In recent years the popularity of recreation and tourism on the territory of the Russian Federation, including in forests, has increased. Forests are not only a source of wood and other raw materials, but also a place of recreation for the population of large cities who want to restore physical and mental health. On the example of the Leningrad region, the author shows the high importance of recreational forestry. It is proposed to expand the areas of recreational forests not only in four forestry areas marked as promising in the forest plan of the Leningrad region, but also those forests that are located near large horticultural arrays. As an example, the "Chashcha" and "Novinka" horticultures, located in the Gatchina district of the Leningrad region near the state nature reserve "North of the Mshinsky Swamp", are considered. The article concludes that the organized use of forests will reduce the anthropogenic load and suggests directions for further research to identify additional criteria for selecting forests for recreational needs.

In conditions of economic uncertainty and sanctions, trends in barley production and consumption determine both opportunities and risks for the Russian Federation in the domestic and global grain markets. The purpose of the study is to assess trends in barley production and consumption in the Russian Federation in the context of the main factors and categories of farms. Rosstat data for 2017-2021 and preliminary data for 2022 were used as the information base. The main trends and directions of optimization of barley production and consumption in the Russian Federation are outlined. The results of the study are of practical importance for optimizing the development strategy of the grain complex of Russia as a whole and its individual regions.

Currently, in the production chain of food processing companies, timely and properly conducted analysis of technological risks, as well as the identification of critical control points are important aspects of the safety management system based on the principles of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points. The practical application of the elements of the safety management system is observed at the manufacturing companies in many countries, which in turn guarantees the unconditional safety of their production. Every year, the number of countries that make it mandatory for manufacturing companies to implement the system increases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the hazards in the production technology of egg product, i.e. melange. In this article, the following methods provided for by the modern concept of quality management and established in GOST R 51705.4-2001 were used: algorithms for assessing the probability and severity of consequences, as well as a risk analysis diagram. During the research, the initial information necessary for the implementation of the principles of the management system in the production of melange was compiled. The authors provide a complete description of the finished product (melange), as well as the main and additional raw materials used for technological purposes. Taking into account the requirements for the implementation of quality management tools, diagrams of the production process have been developed. The diagrams indicate the parameters and modes that should be subject to strict and systematic production control. These diagrams serve as a basis for assessing production risks and identifying hazards (microbiological, chemical and physical ones). According to the developed diagrams, all kinds of hazards that may arise at the stages of the product life cycle and affect its safety are identified by means of algorithms.