Role Of microRNAs In The Development Of Aggressive Forms Of Prostate Cancer

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Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men. Complex genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer. In recent years, evidence has been accumulating that aberrant microRNA expression contributes to the development of hormone resistance and radioresistance in prostate cancer. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs involved in the process of post-transcriptional regulation of genes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs are targeted on and regulate critical genes involved in prostate cancer aggressiveness. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of microRNAs in treatment-resistant prostate cancer remain unclear. The purpose of the review is to analyze the role of microRNAs in the molecular mechanisms of the development of clinically aggressive forms of prostate cancer. A wide range of target genes and a significant change in microRNA expression profiles during the transition of malignant cells to a radioresistant and hormone resistant state makes microRNAs promising candidates for searching for prognostic markers for the development of aggressive forms of prostate cancer and determining targets for targeted therapy. Analysis of key microRNAs involved in the development of clinically aggressive forms of prostate cancer has shown that the molecular mechanisms by which microRNAs mediate the development of hormone resistance and radioresistance in prostate cancer include apoptosis, cell growth and proliferation, cancer stem cells, autophagy, regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as cell migration and invasion.

About the authors

E. A Chernogubova

Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: eachernogubova@mail.ru
Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

A. N Mashkarina

Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: aina_mashkarina@mail.ru
Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

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