THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RADIOACTIVE SOURCES IN THE LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF 134Cs IN THE ATOMIC EPOCH


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Abstract

The role of short-lived radioisotopes in the formation of the radioecological background in the seas of the Arctic and southern Russia is evaluated. The materials of long-term observations of the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and open literature sources on the content of the radioisotope 134Cs in the marine environment and biota are analyzed. The levels of its concentration in soil, lichens, algae, fish, seawater and bottom sediments are shown. The geographical features of its distribution in the marine and coastal environment are discussed. The obvious and potential sources of this radioisotope entering the marine ecosystems of the polar and southern seas of Russia are indicated. The short half-life makes 134Cs a marker of recent atmospheric precipitation. Its inclusion in the spectrum of radioactive contamination is rare, and the concentrations are insignificant. However, the harsh gamma radiation makes it one of the most dangerous elements in radiation accidents. The example of atmospheric transboundary transport of 134Cs in the northern hemisphere after the Chernobyl and Fukushima-1 accidents determines the relevance of studying the current background of this radionuclide in the marine environment and biota. It is emphasized that in the Arctic seas there is a steady tendency to reduce man-made isotopes. However, in the areas of discharge of outflow glaciers of the continental glaciations of Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, and Severnaya Zemlya, it is impossible to exclude the localization of weak marine pollution with this isotope. It is stated that the current radioisotope inclusions in the environment of the high-latitude Arctic are caused by the melting of glaciers that accumulated early atmospheric precipitation and local sources. In the seas of southern Russia, the inclusion of 134Cs in modern layers is due to the re-deposition of bottom sediments and occasional washouts from the catchment area. This study shows the current background of radioactive 134Cs in the ecosystems of the Sea of Azov and the seas of the Arctic shelf, the excess of which requires immediate research and search for sources of emission.

About the authors

G. G Matishov

Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: matishov_ssc-ras@ssc-ras.ru
Murmansk, Russian Federation; Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

G. V Ilyin

Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Murmansk, Russian Federation

I. S Usyagina

Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Murmansk, Russian Federation

V. V Titov

Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

E. E Kirillova

Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

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