Spring wheat harvest under complex agrotechnological influence in conditions of various humidification of the south of Western Siberia

Studies to assess the effectiveness of the complex impact of agrotechnological techniques (fertilizers, pesticides, tillage, precursors) on the harvest of spring wheat were carried out in 2011-2023. The work was carried out on leached low-power low-humus medium loamy chernozem of the Altai Territory. The scheme of the stationary field experiment, laid down in 2000, assumed the study of the following options: tillage (factor A) - deep (25…27 cm), shallow (14…16 cm) flat-cut, without processing; fertilizers (factor B) - without fertilizers, near-sowing (ammophos), basic (ammonium nitrate) + near-sowing; pesticides (factor C) - without pesticides, dicoticides, dicoticides + graminicides, dicoticides + graminicides + insecticides + fungicides. The predecessors of wheat created pairs in crop rotation (without tillage - rapeseed) - wheat - oats - wheat - peas - wheat and with permanent cultivation of wheat. The yield of wheat (t/ha) for predecessors without fertilizers and pesticides averaged 1.53 for each pair of tillage, 1.27 for peas, 1.06 for oats, and 0.81 for permanent sowing. The dependence (r) of yield on May--June moisture by predecessors increased from 0.628 to 0.705, 0.870 and 0.918, respectively. The contribution of tillage (%) to wheat yield variation decreased from steam and peas (26.9…58.0) to oats and permanent sowing (1.3…2.5), and fertilizers and pesticides increased from 10.0 to 53.2 and from 29.7 to 51.5, respectively. The increase in yield (t/ha) from the seed fertilizer with ammophos decreased from steam (0.15) to peas (0.11), oats (0.10) and permanent sowing (0.08), and from the main fertilizer with ammonium nitrate, on the contrary, increased from 0.19 and 0.18 to 0.31 and 0.22. With good moisture, the effectiveness of fertilizers increased with increasing saturation with pesticides by 1.5…2.0 times.

spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), tillage, fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, moisture conditions, yield, yield increase, fertilizer payback