Dynamics of the Regional Climatic Conditions over the Past 2000 Years on the Basis of Lithogeochemical Analysis of the Bottom Sediments of Lake Karakyol (Western Caucasus)

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Abstract

Reference section of the bottom sediments of Lake Karakyol (Caucasus) is built based on the cores obtained during the 2010 and 2014 field works, taking into account radiocarbon dating and the data of analytical microstratigraphy. Using the methods of scanning micro-XRF, solid preparations of bottom sediments were scanned in 1 mm increments with simultaneous determination of the content of more than 25 rock-forming and microelements. When building the master-core, the profiles of changes in the content of terrigenous elements were taken into account. This made it possible to precisely combine the two cores and remove from the section the sediment intervals corresponding to the “one-time” events – terrigenous material injections. Comparison of instrumental data of regional meteorological observations in the period 1927–2010 with the time series of geochemical indicators showed the presence of a stable relationship of the composition of bottom sediments with the average 11-year temperatures. Approximation of transfer functions to the depth of core testing allowed constructing a paleoclimatic reconstruction of regional temperature for the last 2 millennia with a time resolution of 5–10 years.

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About the authors

M. Yu. Alexandrin

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: alexandrin@igras.ru
Russian Federation, 29, Staromonetny, Moscow, 119017

A. V. Darin

Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: alexandrin@igras.ru
Russian Federation, 3, Koptyug prospect, Novosibirsk, 630090

A. M. Grachev

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: alexandrin@igras.ru
Russian Federation, 29, Staromonetny, Moscow, 119017

O. N. Solomina

Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: alexandrin@igras.ru
Russian Federation, 29, Staromonetny, Moscow, 119017

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. The Teberda riverbed and Karakel lake with core sampling sites for 2010 and 2014.

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3. Fig. 2. Core photographs of 2010 and 2014. The dots indicate the sites of material selection for dating and the corresponding radiocarbon age. The concentration curves of the elements discussed in this paper are presented. Translucent horizontal areas marked areas of a sharp increase in the concentrations of terrigenous elements, corresponding to bright layers in the cores.

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4. Fig. 3. Combining the profiles of Ti content in Karakel cores 2010 and Karakel 2014 was used to account for the missing wrench in Karakel core 2010 and to build the final master core of Karakel lake bottom sediments.

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5. Fig. 4. Temporary models of the master core of bottom sediments of Lake Karakel: (a): model 1 - without taking into account turbidite layers; (b): model 2 - taking into account turbidite layers.

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6. Fig. 5. Change of correlation coefficients for 5 and 11-year-old temperatures with geochemical indicators depending on the position of the beginning of the year of comparison (2010) on the core depth scale.

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7. Fig. 6. Examples of obtaining transfer functions for Rb and Ti, which establish a quantitative relationship between the contents of elements in the dated layers of the bottom sediment of the lake. Karakel and 11-year-old temperatures in the region.

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8. Fig. 7. (a) - reconstruction of the average 11-year-old temperature according to the lithological-geochemical data of bottom sediments of the lake. Karakel; (b) - comparison of one of the reconstructions obtained from the RB content with meteorological data on the training interval (1927–2010); (c) - temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere according to the literature data.

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