Assessment of the influence of climatic factors on the state of terrestrial ecosystems in the Northwestern region of Russia

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Abstract

The article analyzes the change of climatic conditions in the Northwest of Russia, including the characteristics of dangerous hydrometeorological events (cold and heat waves, strong winds, extreme rainfall, snowfall, ice-frost deposits, hail) and slow climatic changes (increase in the number of days with the transition of air temperature through 0°С, coastal abrasion) in connection with their negative impact on terrestrial ecosystems. It was found that the influence of meteorological and climatic factors on terrestrial ecosystems is most pronounced in the northern part of the studied region, especially on the coast of the Barents Sea. Towards the south, the values of all indicators gradually decrease, and their structure changes. In the northern part of the study area (Murmansk and Arkhangelsk oblasts, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug), phenomena associated with strong winds and intensive ice-frost deposition, which contribute to the formation of an ice crust on the Earth’s surface, prevail. As one moves away from the coast, severe frost is observed more often (Komi Republic). In the center and south of the region, heavy rainfall, severe frost, and intense heat are the most frequent, resulting in a high fire hazard. The study carried out the ranking of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District according to the degree of intensity of this process. Comprehensive assessments of the negative impact of changing climatic conditions on terrestrial ecosystems can be used to make decisions on the development of a strategy for environmental security of the regions of the Russian Federation.

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About the authors

M. P. Vasiliev

Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: mih.vasilev@mail.ru
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

E. М. Nesterov

Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia

Email: mih.vasilev@mail.ru
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Е. V. Kashirina

Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia

Email: kashirina@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

A. V. Lyubimov

Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia

Email: mih.vasilev@mail.ru
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Average number of days with hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena in different parts of the North-West region of Russia: in the eastern part (a, b); in the northern part (c, d, e, f); in the south-western part (g, h); in the western part (i, j); in the southern part (l, m). Fractional values ​​on the number of days scale mean that hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena were observed on average once every few years: 0.1 – once every 10 years, 0.2 – twice every 10 years, etc.

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3. Fig. 2. Average annual recurrence of hazardous hydrometeorological events in the North-West region of Russia (ArcGIS 10.1, interpolation using the kriging method). Dark green dots indicate weather stations, red dots indicate St. Petersburg and administrative centers of the subjects of the Russian Federation.

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4. Fig. 3. Long-term changes in the number of cases and the number of days with dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena in the Arkhangelsk region in 1996–2017.

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5. Fig. 4. Long-term changes in the number of days with air temperature passing through 0ºС in 1966–2019: (a) in winter in Vologda; (b) in autumn in Naryan-Mar.

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6. Fig. 5. Long-term changes in the total annual number of days with air temperature above 0°C in 1966–2019 in Kaliningrad.

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7. Fig. 6. Long-term changes in the amounts of precipitation of different types in 1961–2015 in Murmansk, mm.

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8. Fig. 7. Long-term changes in the amounts of precipitation of different types in 1961–2015 in Naryan-Mar, mm.

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9. Fig. 8. Long-term changes in the amounts of precipitation of different types in 1961–2015 in Amderma (Nenets Autonomous Okrug), mm.

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