The origin of beekeeping in Northern Kyrgyzstan during the development of the Russian empire’s outskirts

The article analyzes the establishment and development of beekeeping in Northern Kyrgyzstan, covering the Przhevalsk and Pishpek districts of the Semirechye region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Two periods are identified: from the annexation of the region to 1895 and from 1895 to 1912, with a focus on their differences. The first period highlights the importance of natural and geographical factors and the efforts of the regional administration in establishing the industry. The second period examines the influence of resettlement policies, the region’s integration into the agrarian market, the introduction of frame hives, and the adaptation of the local population to beekeeping.