Creation and Activity in the First Half of the XIX Century of Military Scientific and Technical Bodies

One of the objectives of this study is to study the measures for the reorganization of the central military administration of the army carried out on the initiative of the highest state and military authorities in the first half of the XIX century. In the course of these transformations, a number of scientific and technical bodies were created in the main bodies of military administration, the main task of which was to develop recommendations and solutions for the qualitative improvement of the tactical and technical characteristics of domestic artillery. The article deals with some of such bodies as, for example, the «Temporary Artillery Committee», later transformed into the «Scientific Committee on Artillery», the functioning of which contributed to the transformation of the material part of the domestic smoothbore artillery and a significant increase in its tactical and technical data. The reduction of calibers, the use of the same types of shells to different types of guns of the same caliber made it possible to use the same ammunition in naval and land artillery guns. Simplification of the material part made it possible to reduce the number of heterogeneous carriages. Attention is focused on the fact that many useful reforms in the scientific and technical field of the development of domestic artillery were carried out during the management of the artillery department by A.A.Arakcheev. conducted in the first half of the XIX century. Previously unpublished archival and other little-studied sources are introduced into scientific circulation.