Vestnik of Samara State Technical University. Series Philosophy

The paper reveals the content of turbulence as a key characteristic of the current state of the international environment and its determinants. The main parameters of the functioning world order are analyzed, possible options for the future world order are indicated.

The work is devoted to understanding the new speculative-realist approach to the consideration of the non-violent aspect of the problem of identity. There is a close connection between the problem of identity and a broader one of its kind — the problem of identification. Particular attention is drawn to the epistemological principles of the new approach and how they relate to the very idea of identity. Based on a detailed consideration of these principles, the role and place of the principle of non-violence in solving the problem of identity is stated.

The article attempts to consider the concept of the past as a necessary condition for human existence, analyzes the spheres of its implementation in the historical activity of people. One of the aspects of the past is the history of ideas, in which the most important place belongs to the theological ideas of Plato, explicated in the mentality of the 20^th and 21^st centuries.

The article, based on the mimetic model of military activity, examines the problem of the escalation of armed violence. The author identifies constructive mimesis, aimed at strengthening of social solidarity, and destructive mimesis, which can be regarded as a source of escalation of violence. For the classic of military theory Carl von Clausewitz the limit of violence acts as a speculative figure, but in the nuclear era the absolute maximum of violence received clear empirical contours. The article analyzes escalation ladders, the final step of which is the large-scale war using nuclear weapons. It is concluded that modern reflection on armed violence includes the phenomenon of the limit as its integral horizon; it is further connected with the search for tools for self-limitation of military activity.

The article analyzes the phenomenon of war. Four orders of its essence stand out: socio-political phenomenon, continuation of politics, armed struggle, support by non-military means. Based on the classical work of K. Clausewitz and the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation, eight invariant (unchanged and mandatory) signs of war are formulated. It is indicated that recently an alternative interpretation of war has become increasingly widespread, in which armed struggle is not its obligatory attribute. Its main premises, their theoretical failure and practically political counterproductiveness are revealed.

The paper examines the transition of Russian foreign policy from a geopolitical orientation towards the countries of the West towards the East, understood not only as a geographical, but, above all, as a geopolitical factor. The reorientation of Russian foreign policy is an important feature of Russia’s national security.

The work is devoted to understanding the process of political involvement of modern science and the need for the post-non-classical scientific community to become a subject of political activity. In historical terms, we are talking about the actualization of F. Bacon’s ideas about the beneficial connection of a new science with power. Philosophical education can serve as a basis for the formation of appropriate political competencies among future scientists and engineers.

The work is devoted to the issue of expanding the problematic field of epistemology and rethinking its fundamental concepts in the light of human subjectivity. The place and role of philosophical epistemology in the complex of modern studies of cognition, its characteristics are considered: the focus on finding the relationship between the cognitive and ethical meanings of cognition, the correlation of epistemological problems and existential issues of human existence. The difference between humanistic and technocratic rationality is substantiated.

In postmodern reality the methods of production and transmission of scientific knowledge are being transformed: along with the academic model of the social sciences and humanities, there are also non-institutional channels of humanities, which are characterized by their own ways of intellectual dialogue, pedagogical techniques and technologies. In the period of sociocultural transformation and complex challenges, it is important for academic humanists to import technologies and methods accumulated in the field of non-institutional humanities.

The article considers a number of theoretical and methodological approaches to designing the image of Russia of the future, among them a living system of mythologems (by N.A. Sergeev and E.G. Nikitenko), an analysis of key civilizational archetypes (M.A. Makarenkov), a theoretical and methodological analysis of the project of a systemic ideological worldview based on the «Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation» (E. Makarov). The importance of methodological support on the analysis of the national history of the ideological trends studied in the book «Ideological landmarks in the history of Russian philosophy” by A.D. Sukhov (2023). The importance of the methodological apparatus proposed by the author for modern ideological design is emphasized.

The review is devoted to the recently published textbook of Andrei Mikhailovich Orekhov, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Social Philosophy of the Russian University of Friendship of Peoples, «History, Philosophy and Methodology of Social and Humanitarian Sciences» of A.M. Orekhov».