Email this article Petr S. Kupalov — life in science. The forgotten academician
- Authors: Rodionova E.S.1, Golikov Y.P.1, Abdurasulova I.N.1
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Affiliations:
- Institute of Experimental Medicine
- Issue: Vol 25, No 1 (2025)
- Pages: 115-134
- Section: History of medicine
- Published: 31.05.2025
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/MAJ/article/view/633945
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/MAJ633945
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/HCWKRF
- ID: 633945
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Abstract
The article is dedicated to Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Petr S. Kupalov, an outstanding scientist-physiologist, neurobiologist, student, associate and successor of I.P. Pavlov, Honored Scientist, who headed the I.P. Pavlov Physiology Department of the Institute of Experimental Medicine for 27 years. P.S. Kupalov devoted his entire scientific career to the further development of the physiology of higher nervous activity, significantly enriching the understanding of the subtle mechanisms of the brain with new research methods, relying on Pavlov’s classical postulates of the theory of conditioned reflexes. P.S. Kupalov is the developer of the concept of “shortened conditioned reflexes”, ideas about the “dynamic stereotype”, and the methodology of situational conditioned reflexes. P.S. Kupalov preserved the legacy of his teacher for history: from the texts of Pavlov’s lectures on general physiology to fundamental works on the physiology of digestion and higher nervous activity, the tradition of educating young scientists and scientific and organizational work, presenting the scientific achievements of domestic scientists at international forums and in the foreign press. But subsequently the name of P.S. Kupalova was undeservedly forgotten. This publication is an attempt to restore historical justice in relation to a great scientist and remarkable person.
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About the authors
Elena S. Rodionova
Institute of Experimental Medicine
Email: miss-ellison@yandex.ru
Leading Engineer at the Pavlov Department of Physiology
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgYuri P. Golikov
Institute of Experimental Medicine
Email: Yuri_golikov@mail.ru
SPIN-code: 3862-4560
Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher at the Museum Complex of History
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgIrina N. Abdurasulova
Institute of Experimental Medicine
Author for correspondence.
Email: i_abdurasulova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1010-6768
SPIN-code: 5019-3940
Cand. Sci. (Biology), Head of the Pavlov Department of Physiology
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgReferences
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Supplementary files
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Fig. 1. Excerpt from the letter of I.P. Pavlov dated 27.05.1929, addressed to P.S. Kupalov. Photocopy from the Archives of P.S. Kupalov. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine. Full text of the letter published in the book: Pavlov IP. Correspondence of I.P. Pavlov. Leningrad: Nauka; 1970. Letter No. 157, p. 169.
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Fig. 2. P.S. Kupalov — seminarian. 1909. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine.
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Fig. 3. P.S. Kupalov — Military Medical Academy student. 1911. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine.
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Fig. 4. Title page (a), preface by P.S. Kupalov (b) and the beginning of the first lecture by I.P. Pavlov (c) (according to the transcript of P.S. Kupalov) edited by I.P. Razenkov. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Memorial Cabinet of I.P. Pavlov in the Physiological Department of I.P. Pavlov.
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Fig. 5. I.P. Pavlov’s lectures published in 1952, which he delivered at the Military Medical Academy in 1911–1913: a, cover; b, title; c, preface.
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Fig. 6. The first page of P.S. Kupalov's first scientific paper published in the journal Arkhiv Biologicheskikh Nauk “Initial generalisation and successive specialisation of cutaneous conditioned stimuli” (from the Physiological Laboratory of the Imperial Military Medical Academy) with a gift inscription by N.A. Kostenetskaya. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine.
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Fig. 7. Staff of the Physiological Department in 1924. Standing: N.V. Zimkin, (?) Mikhailova, G.P. Conradi, S.M. Dionesov, A.V. Valkov, G.V. Folbort, Yu.P. Frolov. Sitting: P.K. Anokhin, V.P. Adlerberg (Zotova), I.P. Pavlov, P.S. Kupalov and A.K. Lents. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine.
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Fig. 8. P.S. Kupalov with a dog in which the mosaic of the skin analyser was studied. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine.
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Fig. 9. Ganicke–Kupalov device. © Podkopaev N.A., 1952. Source: borrowed from [9].
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Fig. 10. P.S. Kupalov, A. Hill. 1929 England. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine.
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Fig. 11. Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR “On Commemorating Academician I.P. Pavlov” (https://www.ras.ru/pavlov/609f4fcb-88b7-4d5c-82a2-26aad67cf784.aspx).
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Fig. 12. Page of the Institute of Experimental Medicine Annual Report for 1958. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine.
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Fig. 13. Notes in the newspaper “Krasnoye Znamya” (Tomsk): a, congratulating P.S. Kupalov on the awarding of the title of Honoured Scientist. https://www.lib.tsu.ru/mminfo/2012/000024359/1943/1943_251.pdf; b, about P.S. Kupalov's lecture on I.P. Pavlov. https://www.lib.tsu.ru/mminfo/2012/000024359/1944/1944_015.pdf. © Tomsk State University, 2025. Borrowed from the collection of the Tomsk State University Electronic Encyclopaedia.
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Fig. 14. P.S. Kupalov conducts an experiment applying the technique of situational conditioned reflexes. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine.
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Fig. 15. Petr S. Kupalov, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Honoured Worker of Sciences. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine.
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Fig. 16. Certificate of awarding P.S. Kupalov the gold medal of I.P. Pavlov. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine.
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Fig. 17. P.S. Kupalov with his daughter Irina and wife Lyudmila Andreevna. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine.
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Fig. 18. P.S. Kupalov with his wife Lyudmila Andreevna at the cottage. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine.
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Fig. 19. 100th anniversary of the birth of P.S. Kupalov. Employees of the Pavlov Physiological Department and guests at the Bogoslovsky Cemetery laid flowers on the grave of the Teacher. In the photo among the staff of the PEF: Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences G.A. Vartanyan (first left), Acad. M.M. Khananashvili (third left), Corneliu Jurgea (fifth left). 1 October 1988. © Institute of Experimental Medicine, 2025. Published with the permission of the copyright holder. Source: collection of the Museum of the History of Medicine.
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Fig. 20. Bogoslovskoe cemetery 16 March 2024. 60 years since the death of P.S. Kupalov; Father Anthony serves the funeral service.
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СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).