Relationship of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

Metabolic syndrome, being latent for a long time, is an early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hyperinsulinemia is a com­pensation mechanism starting at blood glucose elevation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus development usually includes cascade of excessive adipogenesis, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors modulation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, pancre­atic beta-cells overload and damage, that causes progressive reduction of insulin secretion, postprandial and fasting blood glucose elevation. Reduction of insulin secretion, resulting in hyperglycemia, occurs rather late and serves as a landmark between metabolic syndrome and overt diabetes. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors modulation is a key phase of metabolic syndrome initiation. There are two further directions of metabolic syndrome development: a) pancreatic beta-cells survival and insulin hyperproduction compensating insulin resistance; b) massive damaging of pancreatic beta-cells resulting in progressive reduction of insulin secretion and hyperglycemia.

About the authors

N. A. Belyakov

St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Studies

Author for correspondence.
Email: shabanov@mail.rcom.ru

академик РАМН

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

S. Y. Tchoubrieva

St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Studies

Email: shabanov@mail.rcom.ru
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

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