Viral and tumor antigens, their use in anticancer vaccines development

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Abstract

This review article presents the analysis of research in the field of anticancer vaccines development. Current investigations carried out in the area described are characterized by a more profound understand­ing of tumor-specific immunity mechanisms as well as of the ways tumors escape cytotoxic immunity response. Besides, this field of science appears to be attractive for specialists in virology since viral etiolo­gy of a wide range of human tumors has been strictly confirmed. The recent 5 years in the development of anti-tumor vaccines can be defined as the stage of overcoming relatively easy empiric approaches with real­ization of the fact that simple autologic anti-tumor vaccination using tumor cells fails to stimulate active immunity because of relatively low specific content of regressive tumor antigens. But in this case induction of autoimmune process seems to be possible. Hence molecular approaches appear to prevail in vaccine design. These approaches are based on identification of tumor antigens T-cell epitopes and construction of peptide and recombinant vaccines with high selectivity in tumor-specific immunity induction. Therefore the article presents a primary database of antigenic peptide epitopes of tumor protein sequences. Immunity formed against them is proved to prevent tumor growth or cause its regression. The article considers out­standing achievements in influenza virus application as a vector for tumor-specific vaccines and manage­ment of oncogenic risk associated with oncoproteins and oncogens used for vaccination, for example, against human papillomavirus and, respectively, against cervix cancer. Use of influenza virus as a vector for vaccination against HIV-infection is currently investigated in the Research Institute of Influenza as a part of international projects.

The review of projects dealing with tumor-specific vaccines development proves that in 2 or 3 years many of the preparations described will be included into conventional Public Health practice.

About the authors

О. I. Kiselev

Research Institute of Influenza of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: shabanov@mail.rcom.ru

член-корреспондент РАМН

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Р. G. Bendzko

Invitec-biotech. GmbH

Email: shabanov@mail.rcom.ru
Russian Federation, Berlin-Buh., MDC

L. L. Shcolnikova

Research Institute of Influenza of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences

Email: shabanov@mail.rcom.ru
Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

К. Р. Hanson

Research Institute of Oncology of the Public Health Ministry of the Russian Federation

Email: shabanov@mail.rcom.ru

член-корреспондент РАМН

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

V. I. Kiselev

Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy Center

Email: shabanov@mail.rcom.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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