Involvement of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the formation of unstable atherosclerotic plaque

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Abstract

Research on the role of various interleukins in atherosclerosis has shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to disease progression and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. The review presents the latest data from the scientific literature and the study’s own findings on the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines INF-γ and TNF-α on the formation of unstable atherosclerotic lesions. It has been shown that the deterioration of the unstable plaque cap strength and its destruction can be associated with an increase in concentration, activation and action of powerful pro-inflammatory cytokines INF-γ and TNF-α in the vascular wall.

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About the authors

Vlada A. Snegova

Institute of Experimental Medicine

Email: biolaber@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9925-2886
SPIN-code: 8088-4446

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Department of Biochemestry

Russian Federation, 12 Academician Pavlov St., Saint Petersburg, 197022

Peter V. Pigarevsky

Institute of Experimental Medicine

Author for correspondence.
Email: pigarevsky@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5906-6771
SPIN-code: 8636-4271

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Atherosclerosis named after N.N. Anichkov, Department of Biochemistry

Russian Federation, 12 Academician Pavlov St., Saint Petersburg, 197022

Svetlana V. Maltseva

Institute of Experimental Medicine

Email: moon25@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7680-8485
SPIN-code: 8367-9096

Cand. Sci.  (Biology), Researcher Associate, Department of Biochemestry

Russian Federation, 12 Academician Pavlov St., Saint Petersburg, 197022

Olga G. Yakovleva

Institute of Experimental Medicine

Email: emalonett@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6248-9468

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Research Associate, Department of Biochemistry

Russian Federation, 12 Academician Pavlov St., Saint Petersburg, 197022

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2. Fig. 1. Expression of INF- γ in atherosclerotic plaque: a — mononuclear cells (arrows) expressing INF-γ are visible in the area of the fibrous cap rupture of the unstable atherosclerotic plaque; b — complete absence of extracellular and intracellular expression of INF-γ in the fibrous cap of stable atherosclerotic plaque. Immunohistochemical staining; ×550 (a); ×400 (b)

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3. Fig. 2. TNF-α expression in the intima of atherosclerotic plaque: a — TNF-α in the cytoplasm of macrophages located in the area of destruction of the cap of unstable atherosclerotic plaque; b — absence of TNF-α in a dense fibrous cap of stable atherosclerotic plaque. Immunohisochemical staining; ×600 (a); ×250 (b)

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