Chaga and its bioactive complexes: history and perspectives

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Abstract

A review of research field related to well-known Russian medicinal fungal material, Chaga, is caused by the need to summarize information about the effects of its individual compounds on molecular targets of cancer cells. Chaga raw material (sterile bodies of the fungus Inonotus obliquus) is a complex fungus tissue which includes wood degradation products, and products of assimilation wood tissue components by the fungus. Chaga raw material is rich in polyphenols, triterpenoids of fungal and plant origin, and polysaccharides. In the early 1960s, Chaga raw material was included in the USSR State Pharmacopoeia and was recommended for use as a non-specific drug for the treatment of gastritis, stomach ulcers, polyposis, precancerous diseases and some forms of malignant tumors in cases where radiation therapy and surgical intervention are not destinated. However, large pharmacological potential of Chaga at the current moment seems to be still not realized. First of all, the multidirectional effect of various Chaga bioactive complexes on the molecular targets of the cancer cell is obvious: inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases and proapoptotic (triterpenoids), immuno-mediated cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory (polysaccharides), genoprotective and antiapoptotic (polyphenols). It is obviously that complex action of these substances on cancer tissue has less pronounced effect than the targeted one. Consequently, the clinical trials of purified bioactive complexes of chaga, primarily of proapoptotic (inotodiol, betulinic acid) and anti-inflammatory (3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone) action, are on the agenda. Based on the data reviewed, it is suggested that careful study of Chaga raw material in the future may lead to elaboration of new and more effective pharmaceuticals

About the authors

Ivan V. Zmitrovich

Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: iv_zmitrovich@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3927-2527

Dr. Biol. Sci., Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Systematics and Geography of Mushrooms

Russian Federation, 197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 2

Nina P. Denisova

Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia

Email: deni1963@bk.ru

Dr. Biol. Sciences, until 1999 - Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Mushroom

Russian Federation, 197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 2

Mikhail Eduardovich Balandaykin

Ульяновский государственный университет, Ульяновск, Россия

Email: 131119892007@rambler.ru

Ph.D. biol. Sci., Leading Researcher

432970, Российская Федерация, г. Ульяновск, улица Льва Толстого, дом 42

Nina V. Belova

Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia

Email: cultures@mail.ru

Candidate Chem. Sci., Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Mushroom Biochemistry

Russian Federation, 197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 2

Margarita A. Bondartseva

Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia

Email: bondartseva@mail.ru

Prof., Dr. Biol. Sci., Chief Scientific Researcher, Laboratory of Mushroom Biochemistry

Russian Federation, 197376, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 2

Lidiya G. Perevedentseva

Perm National Research University, Perm, Russia

Email: perevperm@mail.ru

Prof., Dr. Biol. Sci., Professor, Department of Botany

Russian Federation, 614990, Пермский край, г. Пермь, ул. Букирева, 15

Vladimir Perelygin

Saint-Petersburg State and Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Email: vladimir.pereligin@pharminnotech.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0999-5644
SPIN-code: 3128-7451
ResearcherId: AAV-6556-2020

Doctor  of  Medicine,  Professor,  Head  of  the  Industrial Ecology Department

Russian Federation, 197376, Россия,Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 14,литер.А; 191028 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Моховая, д.37, Лит Б, помещение №14

Gennady Pavlovich Yakovlev

Saint-Petersburg State and Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Email: yakovlevgp@yandex.ru

проф., д-р биол. наук, профессор кафедры фармакогнозии 

Russian Federation

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