The influence of epigenetic regulation on development of multifactorial diseases

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Multifactorial diseases pose a growing challenge to global healthcare due to their rapidly increasing prevalence, high mortality rates, and significant contribution to disability among the working-age population. Intensive research aimed at improving early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment has underscored the critical role of epigenetic changes, which influence gene expression without altering the primary DNA sequence. This article provides an overview of the primary epigenetic mechanisms involved in gene expression regulation, including DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and the role of non-coding microRNAs in gene silencing. Epigenetic factors serve as a bridge between the genome and environmental influences. Environmental risk factors—shaped by lifestyle, behavior, ecological exposures, and psycho-emotional stress—play a significant role in the phenotypic manifestations of diseases and overall human health. The reversibility of epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression can lead to both beneficial and adverse health outcomes. The continuous development of new technologies positions epigenetics as a promising field for functional research, with the potential to fundamentally transform therapeutic approaches to the treatment of multifactorial diseases.

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作者简介

Natalya Vokhmyanina

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Меchnikov

Email: spbnat@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7162-9362
SPIN 代码: 7414-4257

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, 41 Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg, 191015

Natalya Golovanova

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Меchnikov; Saint Petersburg State University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: nesh1764@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9286-8787
SPIN 代码: 9598-4184

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Assistant Professor

俄罗斯联邦, 41 Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg, 191015; Saint Petersburg

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