Environmental genetics and predictive medicine: 20 years later. New trends and old basis

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Abstract

This review, based on previously formulated hypotheses and our own research, examines the main modern trends in molecular medicine related to assessing the effect of environmental factors on the human genome. Information is provided about all programs for analyzing the human genome, their connection with biobanks, polymorphism and errors of the genome, and the importance of genomic clinical databases. Ten trends in molecular medicine over the past 20 years are separately highlighted. The formation of genetic dialectics between monogenic and multifactorial diseases is reflected. The path of development of molecular methods, the expansion of the role of the genetic laboratory in decision-making, and the emergence of genetic consultants are noted. The review presents new challenges in predictive medicine related to carrier screening and the development of preimplantation genetic testing. The situation with genetic testing related to an individual's susceptibility to environmental factors and diseases is summarized. Some attention is paid to evidence-based pharmacogenetic studies. Some new areas are considered — psychogenetics, sports genetics, genetics of sensitivity to coronavirus infection and others. In conclusion, the forecast of multifactorial diseases is reviewed, which is based on gene technologies and mathematical modeling and the creation of a new paradigm of a genetic passport — an omics map of reproductive health.

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About the authors

Andrey S. Glotov

D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology

Author for correspondence.
Email: anglotov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7465-4504
SPIN-code: 1406-0090
Scopus Author ID: 7004340255
ResearcherId: E-8525-2015

Dr. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Approaches to mapping and identification of disease genes

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3. Fig. 2. GWAS catalog data

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4. Fig. 3. Examples of different levels of evidence for a single gene

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5. Fig. 4. Interface of the calculator for calculating warfarin dose

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6. Fig. 5. Possible variants of the omics health map

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