Analysis of cytogenetic disorders in residents of an industrial region in connection with work at coal-fired thermal power plants

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the air of an industrial environment associated with the processing and combustion of coal contains a huge amount of coal dust, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which have a negative impact on genetic stability. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to study the genotoxic effects in workers of coal thermal power plants.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The paper presents a cytogenetic analysis of genomic damage in 455 coal-fired thermal power plant workers compared with 533 control donors from Kemerovo using a micronucleus test. The formation of genomic abnormalities in coal-fired thermal power plant workers was assessed in relation to sex, age, smoking status, presence of chronic diseases, length of service, and working shops.

RESULTS: A significant increase in the frequency of occurrence of lymphocytes with micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds, as well as cells at the stage of apoptosis in workers of coal-fired thermal power plants compared to the control group was established. An increase in the frequency of occurrence of cells with cytogenetic disorders was revealed in women working in coal production and workers over 51 years of age. Work experience and professional specialization had a significant impact on the formation of genomic disorders.

CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results indicate a significant contribution of environmental factors to the development of geno- and cytotoxic effects in workers of coal-fired thermal power plants.

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About the authors

Anna V. Marushchak

Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: marushchak.av@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9560-7563
SPIN-code: 5777-9024
Russian Federation, Kemerovo

Artyom V. Minin

Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Kemerovo State University

Email: mininartemminin@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5839-5194
SPIN-code: 5917-1343
Russian Federation, Kemerovo; Kemerovo

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2. Fig. 1. Micronucleus test parameters in the study groups, ‰. *p = 0,000001, according to the Mann–Whitney U-test

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3. Fig. 2. Distribution of the frequency of occurrence of binuclear lymphocytes with micronuclei in workers of coal-fired thermal power plants depending on the length of service

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4. Fig. 3. Distribution of the frequency of occurrence of binuclear lymphocytes with nucleoplasmic bridges in workers of coal-fired thermal power plants depending on the length of service

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5. Fig. 4. Distribution of the frequency of occurrence of binuclear lymphocytes with nuclear buds in workers of coal-fired thermal power plants depending on the length of service

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6. Fig. 5. Distribution of the frequencies of occurrence of binuclear lymphocytes at the mitotic stage in workers of coal-fired thermal power plants depending on the length of service

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7. Fig. 6. Indicators of micronucleus test in workers of coal-fired thermal power plants depending on professional specialization: 1 — chemical shop; 2 — thermal automation and measurement shop; 3 — administrative and management personnel; 4 — fuel and transportation shop; 5 — repair and construction shop; 6 — electric shop. *p < 0.009, according to the Kraskell–Wallis criterion

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