Генетика и селекция на устойчивостьтритикале к возбудителю стеблевой ржавчины Puccinia graminis Pers.: обзор литературы

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Аннотация

Стеблевая ржавчина, вызываемая грибом Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), остается одной из наиболее опасных болезней зерновых культур. В настоящем обзоре представлен анализ эволюции взаимоотношений между тритикале (×Triticosecale Wittmack) и Pgt с момента начала коммерческого культивирования этой культуры, охватывающий исторические аспекты распространения патогена, изменения его вирулентности и адаптации к различным генотипам тритикале, а также меры, предпринимаемые селекционерами для повышения устойчивости культуры к заболеванию. Описаны региональные особенности распространения патогена в России и в мировых центрах выращивания тритикале и пшеницы. Особое внимание уделяется особенностям патологического процесса развития стеблевой ржавчины на тритикале, который, как и у пшеницы, включает стадии прорастания спор, проникновения в ткани растения и формирования уредиопустул. Отмечается, что тритикале, являясь гибридом пшеницы и ржи, подвержена поражению как пшеничной, так и ржаной формами стеблевой ржавчины. Обзор также охватывает современные методы изучения устойчивости тритикале к Pgt, включая использование молекулярных маркеров для идентификации генов резистентности и скрининга селекционного материала. Для тритикале описан ряд генов устойчивости к стеблевой ржавчине, таких как Sr27, Sr31, SrNin, SrSatu, SrBj и SrVen, которые могут быть эффективно использованы в селекционных программах, направленных на создание сортов с долговременной и эффективной устойчивостью к стеблевой ржавчине.

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Ксения Юрьевна Дудникова

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии; Федеральный научный центр биологической защиты растений

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: saenkok1997@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3947-0726
SPIN-код: 8655-3066
Россия, 127550, Москва, Тимирязевская, 42; 350039, Краснодарский край, Краснодар, ул. им. Калинина, д. 62

Ольга Александровна Баранова

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений

Email: baranova_oa@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9439-2102
SPIN-код: 4868-9416
Scopus Author ID: 56989102900

кандидат биологических наук

Россия, Санкт-Петербург

Александр Александрович Соловьев

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии; Всероссийский центр карантина растений; Главный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина Российской академии наук

Email: a.soloviev70@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4480-8776
SPIN-код: 3431-5168
Scopus Author ID: 35732425900
ResearcherId: Q-1589-2015

доктор биологических наук

Россия, 127550, Москва, Тимирязевская, 42; Быково; Москва

Андрей Станиславович Шингалиев

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии

Email: kronstein491@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-1488-2721
Россия, 127550, Москва, Тимирязевская, 42

Ольга Александровна Щуклина

Главный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина Российской академии наук

Email: oashuklina@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3775-6077
SPIN-код: 2110-4103
Scopus Author ID: 57223103933

кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук

Россия, Москва

Максим Васильевич Дудников

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии

Email: max.dudnikov.07@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0755-0801
SPIN-код: 7717-1118
Scopus Author ID: 55390914800
ResearcherId: AAE-9434-2020

кандидат биологических наук

Россия, 127550, Москва, Тимирязевская, 42

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2. Рис. 1. Первичные тритикале.

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3. Рисунок 2. Производство тритикале в мире и посевные площади в Российской Федерации

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4. Рис. 3. Примеры генов устойчивости к стеблевой ржавчине, характерных для пшеницы, ржи и тритикале.

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