Molecular genetic patterns of pyrethroid resistance in diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella; Linnaeus, 1758)

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Abstract

The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella; Linnaeus, 1758) is a globally significant pest of cruciferous crops, causing substantial economic losses. Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, which are widely used for its control, has become a major issue. This review explores the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying pyrethroid resistance in P. xylostella, focusing on mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (Pxpara), which is the primary target of pyrethroids. The review involved an analysis of P. xylostella populations from various regions, particularly in Asia and Australia, where resistance to pyrethroids is prevalent. Molecular techniques, including KASP assays and PCR analysis followed by sequencing, were employed to identify and characterize resistance-associated mutations in the Pxpara gene. Several key mutations in the Pxpara gene were identified, including T929I, M918I, L1014F, and F1020S, which are associated with pyrethroid resistance. These mutations were found to be widespread in Asian populations, with a high prevalence observed in China. An analysis of publications on resistance mechanisms in other insect species revealed resistance mutations at the same sites in a wide range of species, indicating shared mechanisms. The identified mutations in the Pxpara gene provide valuable markers for resistance detection. The development of diagnostic tools based on these findings is crucial for effective resistance management and sustainable pest control. The review also emphasizes the need for integrated pest management approaches to mitigate the spread of resistance and reduce reliance on chemical insecticides.

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About the authors

Dmitrii A. Emelyanov

All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection

Email: dimitriy.nord@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0308-6108
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Feodor D. Bogomaz

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: pickayut2006@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-4885-3904
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Ksenia A. Shabanova

Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University

Email: kotukkc@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-3296-3868
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Tatiana V. Matveeva

All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection

Author for correspondence.
Email: radishlet@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8569-6665
SPIN-code: 3877-6598

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Structure of the voltage-gated sodium channel and its pyrethroid resistance mutations in diamondback moth, similar to those in other arthropod species (adapted from Dong et al. [19]).

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