Sources and donors of the multi-row ear trait for hybrid breeding of corn in the VIR collection

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The sign of the number of rows of grains on the cob is one of the key to improving the productivity of corn. The effects of the genes that control this trait have been poorly studied. The search for sources and donors of this trait is relevant for hybrid breeding.

AIM: The aim of this study is to search for sources and donors of the multi-row ear trait in the VIR collection for involvement in the breeding of hybrid corn.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studies were carried out on 16 lines (S3–6) with different inbredness and varying the number of rows of grains on an ear from 18 to 36, the exotic 8-row race CUZCO characterized by large grains and the MP-20 population with 20–36 rows of ears. Hybridization and crop recording were carried out in the field conditions of the foothill zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

RESULTS: Based on similar phenotypic characteristics, 16 lines of corn with a multi-row cob were ranked into 5 groups. Analysis of the structure of the ear of the experimental F1 hybrid between the MP-20 population and the 8-row, large-grain race CUZCO showed that the trait of multi-row ear and large-grain is manifested as incomplete dominance. The yield potential of the experimental simple hybrid was no less than 12.2 tons per 1 hectare with a harvest grain moisture content of 37% and an FAO ripeness group of at least 600. A significant drawback of corn lines with multi-row cobs is the high harvest moisture content of the grain.

CONCLUSIONS: The collection of multirow maize lines serves as a valuable source of genes that control important quantitative traits and can be involved in the breeding of hybrid maize for its improvement.

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About the authors

Eduard B. Khatefov

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)

Author for correspondence.
Email: haed1967@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5713-2328
SPIN-code: 7929-8148
ResearcherId: T-6816-2018

Dr. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Polina M. Bogdan

A.K. Chaika Federal Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East

Email: polina_bogdan84@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3052-5521
SPIN-code: 8721-8062

MD, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture)

Russian Federation, Ussuriysk

Aleksander A. Grushin

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)

Email: gnuvosvniir@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2842-1512
SPIN-code: 3457-1434

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Irina V. Fil

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)

Email: irinafil1974@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5005-3926
SPIN-code: 3223-8030

Cand. Sci. (Agricultural)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Vasilii V. Sherstobitov

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)

Email: scherstobitow@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8308-5107

Cand. Sci. (Agricultural)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Vladislav N. Boyko

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)

Email: boyko_vlad@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7919-1302
SPIN-code: 9993-8900

Cand. Sci. (Agricultural)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Corn cobs of the WT standard (a) and lines with different numbers of rows of grains on the cob, ranked by phenotypic groups A (b), C1 (c), C2 (d), C3 (e), B (f)

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3. Fig. 2. The number of rows of grains on cobs with top fasciation: а — 16 rows (standard), b — 32–34 rows, с — 22–24 rows, d — 20–22 rows

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4. Fig. 3. Cobs (left) and grain (right) of an experimental F1 hybrid between the MP-20 population and the coarse starch corn race CUZCO

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