The role of prenatal screening in prophylaxis of fetoinfantile losses

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the research was to study the dependence of the fetoinfantile losses’ indices from use of prenatal screening on the congenital pathology and the intrauterine infection.

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Methods: In the Omsk area the prenatal screening has been inculcated since 1993 and carried out in 2 stages. The first stage provides examination of pregnant women with ultrasonic scanner, bloods research of 6-fetoprotein, chorionic gonadotropin, estriol, TORCH-infection and syphilis. The second stage includes Doppler ultrasonography, invasional diagnosis and consultation of a perinatalist-geneticist. The fetoinfantile losses were estimated with the indices of mortinatality, perinatal and infantile mortality from 1993 to 1998.

Results: The conducted analysis showed that inculcation of screening's programs allowed to diagnosticate and eliminate defective fetuses with maldevelopment, chromosomal diseases, with a high risk of developing of intrauterine infections including condenital syphilis in time. It led to the lowering of amount of children who were born with developmental defects and the lowering of early neonatal mortality in this group. In general, during the period analyzed when the total natality decreased from 10,7 to 9,2 per 1000 people the index of the perinatal mortality decreased from 16,3 to 14,9 per 1000 live birth and the index of the infantile mortality — from 20,3 to 14,3 per 1000 live birth. At the same time the specific gravity of developmental defects decreased from 40,5 to 28,8 per 10.000 live birth and the specific gravity of infections — from 20,3 to 10,1 per 10.000 live birth in the structure of the infantile mortality.

Conclusions: The obtained results are evidence that the prenatal screening is the important part of the work aimed at the lowering of the fetoinfantile losses.