Клеточные технологии в коррекции урологической патологии

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Аннотация

Использование мультипотентных стволовых клеток открывает новые возможности в разных областях медицины, в том числе в урологии. В статье подробно описаны результаты экспериментальных и клинических исследований, свидетельствующие об эффективности мультипотентных стволовых клеток для лечения заболеваний урологического профиля. Применение мультипотентных стволовых клеток приводило к снижению выраженности почечной недостаточности, к коррекции недержания мочи, к уменьшению органических и функциональных расстройств мочевого пузыря, ишемически-реперфузионных повреждений яичек, эректильной дисфункции, к увеличению полового члена, а также оказалось эффективным при болезни Пейрони и ишемическом приапизме. Представлены новые методы тканевой инженерии для цистопластики и лечения стриктур уретры, когда перед вмешательством мультипотентные стволовые клетки адсорбируют на различных трансплантатах. Высокая эффективность клеточной терапии, скорее всего, связана со стимулированием регенерации и ангиогенеза, с восстановлением микроциркуляции и иннервации, с ингибицией воспалительного процесса и апоптоза, уменьшением повреждения тканей и степени фиброза. Только небольшая часть имплантированных мультипотентных стволовых клеток остается жизнеспособной и дифференцируется в гладкомышечные и эндотелиальные клетки. Основной эффект мультипотентных стволовых клеток, наиболее вероятно, обусловлен паракринным действием. После применения мультипотентных стволовых клеток в клинических условиях тяжелые побочные эффекты не выявлены.

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Об авторах

Игорь Валентинович Майбородин

Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины СО РАН; Новосибирский медико-стоматологический институт Дентмастер

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: imai@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8182-5084
SPIN-код: 8626-5394

д-р мед. наук, профессор

Россия, Новосибирск; Новосибирск

Антон Юрьевич Цуканов

Омский государственный медицинский университет

Email: autt@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3497-5856
SPIN-код: 9310-1220

д-р мед. наук, профессор

Россия, Омск

Геннадий Юрьевич Ярин

Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины СО РАН

Email: gennadiyyarin@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2011-1253
SPIN-код: 7560-2751

канд. мед. наук

Россия, Новосибирск

Борис Валентинович Шеплев

Новосибирский медико-стоматологический институт Дентмастер

Email: shepa@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-4140-3531
SPIN-код: 9905-4138

д-р мед. наук

Россия, Новосибирск

Андрей Иванович Шевела

Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины СО РАН

Email: ashevela@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3164-9377
SPIN-код: 5674-1975

д-р мед. наук, профессор

Россия, Новосибирск

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