Stimulation of bone regeneration using bone morphogenetic proteins: modern concepts

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Restoration of fractures or bone defects after trauma is known to be one of the urgent problems of modern orthopedics and traumatology. More than 20 types of bone morphogenetic proteins create a part of transforming growth factor beta superfamily. It has been revealed that such types as BMP-2, -4, -6, -7 and -9 have the most pronounced osteogenic properties. They induce migration, proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to form osteoblasts and chondroblasts, as well as inductively influence various stages of the bone healing process such as angiogenesis, callus formation and bone remodeling. Some recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins, such as rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 approved for human clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) are used in combination with bone grafts to enhance reparative osteogenesis in the treatment of injuries. and replacement of bone defects in spinal surgery. Therefore, the use of the unique properties of these proteins has become one of the promising and rapidly developing areas of practical medicine. The article is devoted to the analysis of the most important concepts for using bone morphogenetic proteins to stimulate bone tissue regeneration.

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作者简介

Ural Mukhametov

G.G. Kuvatov Republican Clinical Hospital

Email: ufa.rkbkuv@doctorrb.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3694-3302

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

俄罗斯联邦, 3 Lenin St., Ufa, 450008

Sergey Lyulin

Medical Center “Carmel”

Email: carmel74@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2549-1059
SPIN 代码: 4968-8680
Scopus 作者 ID: 6701421057
Researcher ID: M-8114-2013

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Chelyabinsk

Dmitry Borzunov

Ural State Medical University

Email: borzunov@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3720-5467
SPIN 代码: 6858-8005
Scopus 作者 ID: 17433431500

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Ekaterinburg

Ilgiz Gareev

Bashkir State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: ilgiz_gareev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4965-0835
SPIN 代码: 3839-0621
Scopus 作者 ID: 57206481534

MD, PhD

俄罗斯联邦, 3 Lenin St., Ufa, 450008

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2. Fig. 1. The mechanism of action of bone morphogenetic proteins during bone tissue regeneration. Proteins recruit and induce the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells, which differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts. "+" - stimulating effect; TGF-β - transforming growth factor beta; IL-1 - interleukin-1; IL-6 - interleukin-6; PDGF - platelet growth factor; FGF - fibroblast growth factor

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3. Fig. 2. Signal transmission scheme of bone morphogenetic proteins for induction of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. ALP - alkaline phosphatase; OSN - osteocalcin; Id1 - inhibitor of DNA binding 1; ERK - kinase regulated by extracellular signals; SMAD - signal converters and transcription modulators

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