Vol 5, No 5 (2017)

One of the up-to-date challenges of modern immunobiotechnology is the development and introduction of an effective vaccine against the infection caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenza, type b (Hib). The main active substance of the vaccine against Hib infection is the capsular polysaccharide polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP), which is isolated from the fermentation broth of H. influenzae type b. An important technological step in obtaining PRP is the cultivation of the producer strain under conditions that allow obtaining the maximum amount of the target product. At the moment, it is planned to select the optimal conditions for cultivation of H. influenzae type b B-7884, which had been earlier isolated and identified by the employees of FSUE “Saint-Petersburg scientific research institute of vaccines and serums and the enterprise for the production of bacterial preparations” of FMBA, Russia. The analysis of literature data concerning the cultivation of H. influenzae type b was made in order to identify the main factors influencing the biosynthesis of PRP.The aim of the investigation is to analyze and summarize the literature data on the cultivation peculiarities of haemophilus influenzae of b-type strains.Materials and methods. In the process of selecting the material for writing this review article. The databases of Google Patents, Science Research Portal, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, CiteSeer Publications ResearchIndex, Ingenta, PubMed, KEGG, etc. were used.Results and discussion. As a result of the literature analysis, the main factors influencing the PRP biosynthesis were identified: the nature and concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources in the growth medium, the concentration of growth factors (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, hemin, vitamins), additional feed, pH adjustment during cultivation, stirring speed. The data of PRP-producing strains and the conditions of their cultivation have been summarized, as well as the amount of synthesized PRP, which essentially depends on both the physiological capabilities of the biological agent and the factors effecting the regulation of metabolism.Conclusion. The results of this work will be taken into account in carrying out the researches for optimization of H. influenzae type b B-7884 strain cultivation conditions.

The most frequent adverse reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are upper and lower gastrointestinal tract disorders, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, a decrease in the synthesis of proteoglycans of the cartilaginous tissue and allergic reactions. In our previous studies we have found out that Ukrainian vinboron, the antispasmodic with polytrophic pharmacological effects, can improve the safety profile of the popular non-steroidal antiphlogistics ibuprofen and can also potentiate its anti-inflammatory effect. That fact has become the background to a detailed study of the therapeutic action mechanisms of these drugs when they are used together.Aim of the study. To characterize the influence of vinboron (11 mg/kg, i.g.) on the anti-inflammatory activity of ibuprofen (218 mg/kg, i.g.) when combined, in a model of experimental rheumatoid arthritis according to pathomorphological, morphometric and cone-ray computerized tomography of rats’ hind limbs.Materials and methods. To reproduce the conditions for the administration of ibuprofen corresponding to its clinical use, we selected a model of experimental rheumatoid arthritis-adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. On the 28th  day the animals were excluded from the experiment. It was followed by the amputation of the hind limbs at the level of the hocks (art. coxae) and fixation of the material in 10.0% aqueous solution of neutral formalin. The ankle joints were decalcified. The drugs were prepared according to the standard procedure. Microscopy and photographing of histological preparations were carried out with the light microscope OLIMPUS BX 41 at magnifications of 40, 100, 200 and 400 times. The obtained images were processed and morphometry was carried out with the program “Quick PHOTO MICRO 2.3”. The contents of the cellular elements was determined on the basis of the equivalent unit area (1 mm2). Cone-ray computerized tomography was carried out with a digital panoramic cone-ray tomographic scanner “Point 3D Combi 500” (PointNix, South Korea), using a planar sensor with a scanning site of 9 × 12 mm and a radial load of 30-100 μSv. Scanning was carried out with a voltage of 52.0 kV and the electric current of 6.0 mA. For the integral characteristics of the linear dimensions of rats’ hind limbs joints we proposed a formula for calculating the joint volume (Patent of Ukraine No. UA 117538). For the integral characteristics of the dimensions of rats’ hind limbs linear joints we proposed a formula for calculating the joint volume (Patent of Ukraine No. UA 117538).Results and discussion. The use of ibuprofen in combination with vinboron was accompanied by restoration of the structure and function of the cartilage and bone tissues, evidenced by the appearance of acidic and sulfated glycosaminoglycans. The restoration of the bone tissue was realized by the proliferation of the connective tissue and its transformation into cartilage. The synovial membrane was hyperplastic with proliferating synoviocytes of both macrophage and secretory types. In rare cases, the phenomenon of moderate edema and minor focal lymphohistiocytic infiltration persisted. Thus, the use of ibuprofen and ibuprofen in combination with vinboron in rats with adjuvant arthritis resulted in a reduction or absence of inflammation in both the joint and periarticular tissues. The analysis of the results of cone-ray computerized tomography and digital radiography showed that against the background of simultaneous administration of ibuprofen and vinboron there was a tendency to increase the anti-inflammatory effect of the studied antiphlogistics on the rats’ joints affected by adjuvant arthritis. On the 28-th day of the experiment there was the indicatation of decrease of the volume of the hind limb joints by an average of 33.8% compared to the control animals and a near-complete restoration of the width of the joint gaps of the joints examined. It was also determined that vinboron can harmonize the anti-inflammatory effect of ibuprofen when they are used together.Сonclusion. The use of vinboron in combination with ibuprofen leads to a more pronounced pathogenetic anti-inflammatory structural-modifying effect of this antiphlogistics.

The rapid spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads not only to loss of health in persons held in penitentiary institutions, but also to an increase in material costs for drug coverage of the infected, causing the deficit in the budget of the Russian Federation.The aim of the study is the investigation of the problems in drug supply of HIV-infected people and to search for their solutions.Materials and methods. The investigation was conducted on the basis of statistic data, medical statements and accounting to reports of the penitentiary medical organization using methods of analysis, documentary observation, grouping and comparison of data.Results and discussion. It has been established that in institutions of the penal system the number of HIV-infected criminals continues to grow rapidly. It has been determined that currently in the criminal-executive system (CES) of Kuban’ only 5 classes of antiretroviral drugs out of the 10 classes represented on the Russian pharmacy market are used. Hereby the greatest number of drugs used in prison medical organization for conducting antiretroviral therapy (ARVT), are classified as “Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors” and “Protease Inhibitors”, and other classes of art drugs are represented by only one international nonproprietary name (raltegravir, enfuvirtide, etravirine). Drug treatment of socially significant infectious diseases is supplied centrally and completely satisfies regional needs. The structure of suppliers has been identified and determined. In 2016 the main suppliers were Joint-stock companies (JSC) “National Immunobiological Company” and “R-PHARM”. An acute shortage of drugs for opportunistic infections due to insufficient funding has also been determined. The necessity for urgent replacement of material-technical base in prison pharmacies for compliance with the rules of storage of medicines which can ensure their safety was identified. The imperfection of accounting medicines and urgent necessity of the centralization system of personified registration were revealed. Real needs in funding increasing and the establishment of Central pharmacy were identified.Conclusion. The revealed deficiencies indicate a critical need for opening Central pharmacy in the territorial bodies of the criminal-executive system and establishing a centralized system of personified registration of medical property, as well as improving the process of medical record keeping and the increase in funding.