Vol 5, No 5 (2017)
- Year: 2017
- Articles: 6
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2307-9266/issue/view/5627
Articles
POSSIBILITY OF NATURAL RAW MATERIALS USE IN THE FORMULATION OF ADJUVANT THERAPY OF TUBERCULOSIS: EXPERIENCE OF FOLK MEDICINE, MODERN STATE OF STUDIES
Abstract
The signs of growth in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, low effectiveness of therapy indicate the urgent need to solve problems aimed at the improvement of the effectiveness of treatment: the reduction of toxicity and side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs, the provision of good tolerability and continuity of chemotherapy; the removal of symptoms of intoxication associated with the action of the pathogen on the body, the improvement of the quality of life of patients during therapy and remission.The aim of the investigation is to study the data of folk medicine, scientific research data concerning the use of raw materials of natural (vegetable, animal and mineral) origin in the adjuvant therapy of tuberculosis.Materials and methods. The study was carried out using information retrieval and library databases (PubMed, eLIBRARY, Cyberleninka), technical information of manufacturers of dietary supplements to food, as well as site materials dedicated to the use of vegetable, animal and mineral raw materials in folk medicine.Results and discussion. The adjuvant therapy of tuberculosis includes remedies of natural origin: vegetable, animal and mineral ones. According to the research data, the use of phytotherapy is aimed at enhancing diuresis, which ensures the elimination of toxic substances and their metabolites, as well as the decrease of the overall level of toxins; the strengthening of the body’s antioxidant defense, and liver specificity, the compensation for the increased consumption of vitamins, amino acids and microelements by the liver, which actively metabolizes xenobiotics, as well as the increase of the body’s overall resistance. A long-term benefit of using natural mineral raw materials in adjuvant therapy of tuberculosis is also observed.Conclusion. Thus, adjuvant therapy of tuberculosis includes the use of raw materials of natural (vegetable, animal and mineral) origin, the effectiveness of which is confirmed by laboratory and clinical studies.
Pharmacy & Pharmacology. 2017;5(5):404-421
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PECULIARITIES OF CULTIVATION OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B STRAINS - PRODUCERS OF POLYRIBOSYLRIBITOL PHOSPHATE - THE MAIN COMPONENT OF POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINES
Abstract
One of the up-to-date challenges of modern immunobiotechnology is the development and introduction of an effective vaccine against the infection caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenza, type b (Hib). The main active substance of the vaccine against Hib infection is the capsular polysaccharide polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP), which is isolated from the fermentation broth of H. influenzae type b. An important technological step in obtaining PRP is the cultivation of the producer strain under conditions that allow obtaining the maximum amount of the target product. At the moment, it is planned to select the optimal conditions for cultivation of H. influenzae type b B-7884, which had been earlier isolated and identified by the employees of FSUE “Saint-Petersburg scientific research institute of vaccines and serums and the enterprise for the production of bacterial preparations” of FMBA, Russia. The analysis of literature data concerning the cultivation of H. influenzae type b was made in order to identify the main factors influencing the biosynthesis of PRP.The aim of the investigation is to analyze and summarize the literature data on the cultivation peculiarities of haemophilus influenzae of b-type strains.Materials and methods. In the process of selecting the material for writing this review article. The databases of Google Patents, Science Research Portal, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, CiteSeer Publications ResearchIndex, Ingenta, PubMed, KEGG, etc. were used.Results and discussion. As a result of the literature analysis, the main factors influencing the PRP biosynthesis were identified: the nature and concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources in the growth medium, the concentration of growth factors (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, hemin, vitamins), additional feed, pH adjustment during cultivation, stirring speed. The data of PRP-producing strains and the conditions of their cultivation have been summarized, as well as the amount of synthesized PRP, which essentially depends on both the physiological capabilities of the biological agent and the factors effecting the regulation of metabolism.Conclusion. The results of this work will be taken into account in carrying out the researches for optimization of H. influenzae type b B-7884 strain cultivation conditions.
Pharmacy & Pharmacology. 2017;5(5):422-441
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THE STUDY OF RHEOLOGICAL AND SORPTION PROPERTIES OF PECTINESTERASE SOLUTIONS FROM THE LEAVES OF SORBARIA SORBIFOLIA
Abstract
Currently, searching for new sources of raw materials of biologically active substances of plant origin is very important. Widespread distribution, relatively easy isolation and high physiological activity have made the practical use of pectins attractive. That is why nowadays an intensive study of the relationship between the structure and physico-chemical properties of pectin polysaccharides is being carried out, and the studies of the sorption and complexing pectin properties are also being expanded.The aim of the work was to study rheological properties of aqueous solutions of pectin substances obtained from the leaves of Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.).Materials and methods. Secretion of polysaccharides from the leaves of Sorbaria sorbifolia was carried out fraction by fraction on the basis of N. K. Kochetkov and M. Sinner’s method. We evaluated the adsorption capacity basing on the experimental data. From the literature data it follows that the adsorption process can be described by Freundlich’s or Langmuir’s equation. The applicability of the particular equation depends on the nature of the adsorbent and the concentration of the adsorbate.Results and discussion. In the course of the work polysaccharides were isolated from the leaves of Sorbaria sorbifolia and some of their physico-chemical properties were studied. The average molar mass of pectic substances was determined as 32923. The influence of the pH medium on the viscosity of solutions of pectin substances was studied and it was found out that a distinct minimum viscosity is observed at pH 5.2. In such an environment the molecules of pectic substances are electrically neutral and the polyelectrolyte is in the isoelectric state. The obtained data show that the maximal binding of Pb2 + ions by pectin leaves of Sorbaria sorbifolia within 50 minutes is 60.0%.Conclusion. The determination of the average molar mass and the isoelectric point makes it possible to specify the possibility of the most effective use of plant raw materials. Physical and technological properties of pectic substances depend on their molar mass. By the value of the obtained isotherms we should arrive at the conclusion that the dependence of the adsorption amount on the equilibrium concentration of lead ions is more subject to Langmuir’s equation.
Pharmacy & Pharmacology. 2017;5(5):442-456
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PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL AND COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY OF IBUPROFEN AND COMBINATION WITH 2-PHENYL-3-CARBETHOXY-4-DIMETHYLAMINOMETHYL-5-OKSIBENZOFURAN HYDROCHLORIDE (VINBORON) INFLUENCE ON THE JOINTS OF LOWER EXTREMITIES OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Abstract
The most frequent adverse reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are upper and lower gastrointestinal tract disorders, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, a decrease in the synthesis of proteoglycans of the cartilaginous tissue and allergic reactions. In our previous studies we have found out that Ukrainian vinboron, the antispasmodic with polytrophic pharmacological effects, can improve the safety profile of the popular non-steroidal antiphlogistics ibuprofen and can also potentiate its anti-inflammatory effect. That fact has become the background to a detailed study of the therapeutic action mechanisms of these drugs when they are used together.Aim of the study. To characterize the influence of vinboron (11 mg/kg, i.g.) on the anti-inflammatory activity of ibuprofen (218 mg/kg, i.g.) when combined, in a model of experimental rheumatoid arthritis according to pathomorphological, morphometric and cone-ray computerized tomography of rats’ hind limbs.Materials and methods. To reproduce the conditions for the administration of ibuprofen corresponding to its clinical use, we selected a model of experimental rheumatoid arthritis-adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. On the 28th day the animals were excluded from the experiment. It was followed by the amputation of the hind limbs at the level of the hocks (art. coxae) and fixation of the material in 10.0% aqueous solution of neutral formalin. The ankle joints were decalcified. The drugs were prepared according to the standard procedure. Microscopy and photographing of histological preparations were carried out with the light microscope OLIMPUS BX 41 at magnifications of 40, 100, 200 and 400 times. The obtained images were processed and morphometry was carried out with the program “Quick PHOTO MICRO 2.3”. The contents of the cellular elements was determined on the basis of the equivalent unit area (1 mm2). Cone-ray computerized tomography was carried out with a digital panoramic cone-ray tomographic scanner “Point 3D Combi 500” (PointNix, South Korea), using a planar sensor with a scanning site of 9 × 12 mm and a radial load of 30-100 μSv. Scanning was carried out with a voltage of 52.0 kV and the electric current of 6.0 mA. For the integral characteristics of the linear dimensions of rats’ hind limbs joints we proposed a formula for calculating the joint volume (Patent of Ukraine No. UA 117538). For the integral characteristics of the dimensions of rats’ hind limbs linear joints we proposed a formula for calculating the joint volume (Patent of Ukraine No. UA 117538).Results and discussion. The use of ibuprofen in combination with vinboron was accompanied by restoration of the structure and function of the cartilage and bone tissues, evidenced by the appearance of acidic and sulfated glycosaminoglycans. The restoration of the bone tissue was realized by the proliferation of the connective tissue and its transformation into cartilage. The synovial membrane was hyperplastic with proliferating synoviocytes of both macrophage and secretory types. In rare cases, the phenomenon of moderate edema and minor focal lymphohistiocytic infiltration persisted. Thus, the use of ibuprofen and ibuprofen in combination with vinboron in rats with adjuvant arthritis resulted in a reduction or absence of inflammation in both the joint and periarticular tissues. The analysis of the results of cone-ray computerized tomography and digital radiography showed that against the background of simultaneous administration of ibuprofen and vinboron there was a tendency to increase the anti-inflammatory effect of the studied antiphlogistics on the rats’ joints affected by adjuvant arthritis. On the 28-th day of the experiment there was the indicatation of decrease of the volume of the hind limb joints by an average of 33.8% compared to the control animals and a near-complete restoration of the width of the joint gaps of the joints examined. It was also determined that vinboron can harmonize the anti-inflammatory effect of ibuprofen when they are used together.Сonclusion. The use of vinboron in combination with ibuprofen leads to a more pronounced pathogenetic anti-inflammatory structural-modifying effect of this antiphlogistics.
Pharmacy & Pharmacology. 2017;5(5):457-486
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DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS OF SIMULATION OF THE INTERACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES WITH THE ACTIVE CENTER OF ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME
Abstract
Nowadays cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death among the population around the word. The development of new drugs, giving a possibility to normalize blood pressure, is a promising direction in the field of pharmacy and medicine. Now inhibitors of angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) are widely adopted for the treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure. The principle of action of ACE inhibitors is based on blocking the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which mediates vasodilation.The aim of the work is a selection of methods of lisinopril interaction with the active center of angiotensin-converting enzyme by molecular dynamics methods.Materials and methods. Lisinopril molecule was used as a ligand; the charges of that ligand were calculated with the density functional theory (DFT) and ub3lyp method with the basis sets 6-31G* and 6-311G**. Simulation of 75 ns of molecular dynamics of lisinopril interaction with the active center of ACE was carried out in the Bioevrica program. As a result of molecular dynamics simulation, the trajectory of the “lisinopril-ACE” system was obtained. After that a comparison of ligand conformations at different points in simulation time with the experimental conformation of the value of standard deviation of coordinates of atoms was made.Results and discussion.The results of simulation have showed that lisinopril with the charges corresponding to basis set 6-311G** behaves consistent with the x-ray data in the active center of the ACE, in contrast to lisinopril with the charges calculated by basis set 6-31G*.Conclusion. The methods of lisinopril interaction modeling with the active center of angiotensin-converting enzyme has been selected. The obtained technique can be used for studying the interaction of substances, similar in structure to lisinopril with the active center of the enzyme (ACE).
Pharmacy & Pharmacology. 2017;5(5):487-503
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DRUG PROVISION OF HIV INFECTED CRIMINALS IN INSTITUTIONS OF CRIMINAL-EXECUTIVE SYSTEM OF KRASNODAR REGION
Abstract
The rapid spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads not only to loss of health in persons held in penitentiary institutions, but also to an increase in material costs for drug coverage of the infected, causing the deficit in the budget of the Russian Federation.The aim of the study is the investigation of the problems in drug supply of HIV-infected people and to search for their solutions.Materials and methods. The investigation was conducted on the basis of statistic data, medical statements and accounting to reports of the penitentiary medical organization using methods of analysis, documentary observation, grouping and comparison of data.Results and discussion. It has been established that in institutions of the penal system the number of HIV-infected criminals continues to grow rapidly. It has been determined that currently in the criminal-executive system (CES) of Kuban’ only 5 classes of antiretroviral drugs out of the 10 classes represented on the Russian pharmacy market are used. Hereby the greatest number of drugs used in prison medical organization for conducting antiretroviral therapy (ARVT), are classified as “Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors” and “Protease Inhibitors”, and other classes of art drugs are represented by only one international nonproprietary name (raltegravir, enfuvirtide, etravirine). Drug treatment of socially significant infectious diseases is supplied centrally and completely satisfies regional needs. The structure of suppliers has been identified and determined. In 2016 the main suppliers were Joint-stock companies (JSC) “National Immunobiological Company” and “R-PHARM”. An acute shortage of drugs for opportunistic infections due to insufficient funding has also been determined. The necessity for urgent replacement of material-technical base in prison pharmacies for compliance with the rules of storage of medicines which can ensure their safety was identified. The imperfection of accounting medicines and urgent necessity of the centralization system of personified registration were revealed. Real needs in funding increasing and the establishment of Central pharmacy were identified.Conclusion. The revealed deficiencies indicate a critical need for opening Central pharmacy in the territorial bodies of the criminal-executive system and establishing a centralized system of personified registration of medical property, as well as improving the process of medical record keeping and the increase in funding.
Pharmacy & Pharmacology. 2017;5(5):504-515
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