The search for ice 0 in the Earth's atmosphere

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Abstract

In the last decade, it has been shown that in most cases atmospheric ice consists of a mixture of ices Ih and Ic, it is called ice with stacking disorder or stacking disordered ice Isd. In addition, it became known about the existence of another crystalline modification of ice, called ice 0. Ice 0 is a transitional form from deeply supercooled water to ices Ih and Ic, which form at temperatures below ‒23°C (at low pressures). For this reason, the question arose about the possibility of forming ice 0 in the structure of ice Isd. To clarify the issue, laboratory experiments were carried out to obtain layers of ice 0 on the surface of ice Ih, as well as dielectric measurements of the material of atmospheric ice from fallen hail. The results obtained confirmed the possibility of forming ice 0 in the structure of stacking disordered ice Isd. A special property of such a structure is the appearance of contact layers with high conductivity, which significantly changes the electrophysical characteristics of ice particles. For example, in particles of small sizes, resonances of plasmon oscillations arise, which affect the transfer of electromagnetic radiation in cloud formations. The study of electromagnetic properties of small ice particles containing ice 0, and their features in various areas of the atmosphere will allow solving a number of important tasks. These include refining the radiation balance of the Earth’s surface, thunderstorm phenomena, radiation transfer in cloud formations, and physicochemical processes in aerosols and snow covers.

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About the authors

G. G. Bordonskiy

Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: lgc255@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Nedorezova st., 16a, Chita, 672002

V. A. Kazantsev

Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: lgc255@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Nedorezova st., 16a, Chita, 672002

A. K. Kozlov

Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: lgc255@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Nedorezova st., 16a, Chita, 672002

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2. Fig. 1. The scheme of measuring the passage of radiation in the visible range through an ice plate during condensation of water vapor on it. 1 — halogen lamp, 2 — radiation modulator disk, 3 — ice plate Ih, 4 — cooled chamber made of polyethylene film, 5 — photodiode with an amplifier and a synchronous detector, 6 — Dewar flask with liquid nitrogen (N2), 7 — data collection and accumulation system, "T" — sample surface temperature sensor, I — heater current for feeding cold nitrogen vapor into the chamber, 8 — evaporator resistor.

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3. Fig. 2. Dependence of the intensity of visible radiation transmitted through an ice plate Ih on the temperature during the deposition of an ice film 0. 1 — start of measurements; arrows indicate the direction of temperature change over time. 2 — end of measurements. Fig. 3. The scheme of the experiment on studying the material of ice hail in a resonator for determining the formation of ice 0 in the composition of stacked ice. 1 — climate chamber, 2 — resonator, 3 — vector analyzer, "T" — temperature sensor.

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4. Fig. 3. Scheme of the experiment for studying the ice hail material in a resonator for determining the formation of ice 0 in the composition of stacked ice. 1 — climatic chamber, 2 — resonator, 3 — vector analyzer, “T” — temperature sensor.

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5. Fig. 4. Dependences of ε׳ (a) and ε״ (b) of hail material on temperature during its cyclic change. Measurement after 18 hours of storing hail in a refrigerator. Arrows show the direction of temperature change.

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6. Fig. 5. a) Dependence of ε׳ on temperature, b) dependence of ε״ on temperature. Measurements after three days of storing a hail sample in a resonator. Arrows show the direction of temperature change.

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