Hg- and Cd-bearing Pd, Pt, Au, AND Ag minerals in sulfide-bearing mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Yoko-Dovyren intrusion in the baikalides of the Northern Baikal area

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Abstract

Hg and Cd are rare chemical elements found in magmatic PGE and Au mineralization and typical of this mineralization in the Late Riphean Yoko-Dovyren plagioperidotite–troctolite–gabbronorite intrusion hosted in the Baikalides of the Baikal area. The paper discusses variations in the composition, associations, and distribution traits of the Hg- and Cd-bearing Pt, Pd, Au, and Ag minerals. Many of the precious-metal minerals are Pt, Pd, and Au chalcogenides and intermetallic compounds of postmagmatic genesis and occur as single crystals and stringers in sulfides and silicate matrix and at their contacts. The minerals were formed with the participation of fluids from the crystallizing Cu–Fe–Ni sulfide melts. They are constrained to the central part of the intrusion and found in sulfide-bearing plagiolherzolite (PL) in the lower part of the intrusion, in sulfide-bearing pegmatoid troctolite (T) in the bottom portion of the troctolite unit, and in sulfide-bearing pegmatoid anorthosite (A) in the top part of the troctolite unit. From PL to T and further to A, the content and diversity of the Hg-bearing minerals remarkably increase, with Hg distributed in these minerals very unevenly, and with Cd-bearing minerals identified only in A. The leading Hg concentrators in T and A are pneumatolytic (fluid–metasomatic) moncheite and, particularly, later telargpalite (Pd,Ag)3(Te,Pd,Hg), which contains up to 11 wt % Hg. The latter mineral is sometimes found in association with Hg-electrum, kustelite, and potarite. Potarite in T is Pb-rich, and this mineral in A is Pb-free. Appreciable Hg concentrations in precious-metal minerals in the Yoko-Dovyren intrusion suggest that these minerals crystallized in a closed system at high temperatures. Potarite content in A is much higher, and Hg concentration in telargpalite in A is notably lower (2.9 wt % Hg on average) than in this mineral in T (5.9 wt % Hg on average). The potarite might have been produced by epigenetic serpentinization processes (low-grade metamorphism) at the expense of the material of pneumatolytic Hg-bearing telatgpalite, kotulskite, and zvyagentsivite. This corresponds to specifics in Hg distribution in the telatgpalite, kotulskite, and zvyagentsivite in T and A and much higher intensity of metamorphism.

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E. M. Spiridonov

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: ernstspiridon@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 1, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991

D. A. Orsoev

Geological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ernstspiridon@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 6A, Sakhyanova street, Ulan-Ude, 670047

A. A. Ariskin

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (GEOKhI)

Email: ernstspiridon@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 1, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991; 19, Kosygin street, Moscow, 119991

G. S. Nikolaev

Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (GEOKhI), Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ernstspiridon@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 19, Kosygin street, Moscow, 119991

E. V. Kislov

Geological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ernstspiridon@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 6A, Sakhyanova street, Ulan-Ude, 670047

N. N. Korotaeva

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: ernstspiridon@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 1, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991

V. O. Yapaskurt

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: ernstspiridon@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 1, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991

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2. Fig. 1. The morphology of moncheite crystals in the rocks of the Yoko-Dovyrensky intrusion: a is the nest of moncheite metacrystals in accretion with maychnerite, cotulisite and altaite (white) in silicate matrix (black) of sulfidic troctolites; b - chains of monchite metacrystals in accretion with maychnerite, cotulusite and altaite (white) at the contact of cubanite (gray) with silicate matrix (black) and in cubanite of sulfide-bearing troctolites; c - metacrystal - moncheite plate (white) (an. 14 T, Table 4) in bitovnite at the contact with olivine in sulfide-bearing troctolites; (d) lamellar metacrystals of moncheite (white) of different composition (An. 12 T and 13 T, Table 4) at the contact of Cubanite and Pentlandite, at the edge of the Iss crystal in sulfide-bearing troctolites; (d) heterogeneous composition of moncheite in the silicate matrix of sulfide-bearing troctolites (black). The moncheite of the white area (right) is enriched with mercury and lead (an. 3 T); mercury is not found in the adjacent areas of the moncheite (an. 1 T and 2 T, Table 1); е - flattened metacrystal of moncheite (An. 4 T - 6 T, Table 2) heterogeneous in composition on the contact of cubanite (gray) and silicate matrix of sulfide-bearing troctolites (black); W - small nest - accretion of moncheite (white and light gray) and cotulskite (gray) heterogeneous in composition in sulfate troctolites (black) in the silicate matrix. The moncheite of the white area (left) is enriched with Hg (an. 8 T), in the montite there is no area of ​​light gray Hg (an. 7 T, Table 3). The composition of cotulskite is highly variable content of Hg and Bi (an. 9 T -11 T); h - flattened monchite metacrystal of oval shape (white) (An. 15 A) on the contact of troilite (gray) and silicate matrix in sulfide-bearing anortosites. In the upper part of the snapshot there are a lot of small irregularly shaped secretions of altaite (white), which has replaced galena. Images in reflected electrons.

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3. Fig. 1. (Continued)

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4. Fig. 2. Variations in the composition of the moncheite of sulfide-bearing rocks of the Yoko-Dovyrensky intrusion. Legend: 1 - moncheite from troctolites, 2 - moncheite from anorthosites.

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5. Fig. 3. Variations in the composition of the cotulskite sulfide-bearing rocks of the Yoko-Dovyrensky intrusive. Legend: 1 - kotulskite from troktolitov, 2 - kotulskit from anorthosites.

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6. Fig. 4. The morphology of telargpalite crystals in the rocks of the Yoko-Dovyrensky intrusion: a is a chain of tetraferroplatinum crystals (in union with maychnerite) (white), which crossed the intergrowths of pentlandite and cubanite (gray) - products of Iss in decomposition in sulfidic troctolites. Tetraferroplatinum and maychnerite largely replaced telargpalit; (b) pseudomorphs of telargpalite (light gray, an. 24 T and 25 T) for tetraferroplatinum and maychnerite (white, relics) in sulfide-bearing troctolites (detail Fig. 4a). Images in reflected electrons.

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7. Fig. 5. Metasomatic growth of telargpalite (white) on the contact of pentlandite and kubanite (gray) - decomposition products of Iss and the silicate matrix of sulfide-bearing troctolites. Telargpalit is heterogeneous in composition (An. 22 T and 26 T), contains relics of substituted moncheite and cotulskite. Image in reflected electrons.

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8. Fig. 6. Variations in the composition of the telargpalita of sulfide bearing rocks of the Yoko-Dovyrensky intrusive. Legend: 1 - telargpalit from troctolites, 2 - telargpalit from anorthosites.

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9. Fig. 7. Accumulation of fine silver amalgam secretions (white) in a crack with chlorite and serpentine, a secant aggregate of troilite and cubanite in sulfide-bearing troctolites of the Yoko-Dovyrensky intrusive. Image in reflected electrons.

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