Neon as a criterion for noble gas distribution between gas accumulations and edgewater

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Abstract

The dependence of the isotopic composition of Ne on the partial pressure of Ne, N2 and the ratio of N2 /Ne is analyzed for the first time. The scale of the influence of groundwater on the content and isotopic composition of noble gases in CO2, N2 and CH4 gas reservoirs is also estimated. It is shown that the partial pressure of Ne in gas accumulations increases in the range: CO2 – CH4 – N2. The CO2 gas accumulations are characterized by the mantle isotopic composition of neon, and the N2 gas accumulations are dominated by a mixture of atmospheric and crustal neon (20Ne/22Ne is in the range of 8.9–10.2; 21Ne/22Ne 0.040–0.083). The initial concentrations and isotopic composition of Ne and, obviously, other noble gases depend on the conditions of formation of the gas phase that enters the reservoir. Subsequently, the partial pressure of Ne in the CO2 and CH4 gas accumulations increases, and the partial pressure of Ne in the N2 gas accumulations decreases, presumably due to gas exchange with groundwater. A model of gas exchange between gas accumulations and groundwater is proposed, which makes it possible to estimate the distribution of noble gases between them: (1) CO2 enters reservoirs with negligibly low (~0.008 Pa) partial pressures of mantle Ne. Therefore, the admixture of Ne from groundwater can reach 90 % in them; (2) On the contrary, N2 deposits have an atmospheric isotopic composition of Ne with the addition of a nucleogenic (crustal) component and a partial pressure higher than in the atmosphere. The ancient Cl–Ca brines at the reservoir pressure below 300 bar are the most likely source of this N2 gas phase; (3) The isotopic composition of Ne in CH4 accumulations corresponds to the microbial methane which is formed in near–surface conditions (the environment enriched in atmospheric gases), while thermogenic methane is formed at greater depths. Probably, major part of the Ne and N2 in the thermogenic CH4 accumulations are the result of the gas exchange with Cl–Ca brines. In general, the isotopic composition of Ne in CH4 accumulations reflect the mixing of microbial and thermogenic CH4 on migration routes to the surface.

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V. V. Tikhomirov

Saint Petersburg State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: geokhimiya@geokhi.ru

Institute of Earth Sciences

Russian Federation, 10th Line V.O., 33-35, St. Petersburg, 199178

V. G. Tikhomirova

Saint Petersburg State University

Email: geokhimiya@geokhi.ru

Institute of Earth Sciences

Russian Federation, 10th Line V.O., 33-35, St. Petersburg, 199178

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Distribution of concentration values (ppm), partial pressures (Pa) and isotopic ratios of Ne in gas deposits; atm. – corresponding values in the atmosphere.

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3. Fig. 2. Relationships between 20Ne/22Ne and 21Ne/22Ne: (a) – in different deposits of CO2, CH4 and N2 and (b) – within the deposit boundaries. a-k-m – straight line of equation (11). Isotope mixing lines: m-a – mantle and atmosphere, m-k – mantle and crust, a-k – crust and atmosphere. Gas deposits: 1 – Bravo Dome, 2 – Ship Mountain, 3 – Brown-Bassett, 4 – McElmo Dome, 5 – South Pesga, 6 – Hugoton Panhandle, 7 – Sleipner West, 8 – Rutherford, 9 – Diné B. Kay.

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4. Fig. 3. Dependence of the 20Ne/22Ne ratio on the partial pressure of Ne in CO2, N2 and CH4 deposits: (a) – in different deposits, (b) – within the deposit boundaries. For deposit symbols, see Fig. 2.

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5. Fig. 4. Dependence of the 21Ne/22Ne ratio on the partial pressure of Ne in CO2, N2 and CH4 deposits: (a) – in different deposits, (b) – inside gas deposits. For deposit symbols, see Fig. 2.

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6. Fig. 5. Relationship between partial pressures of Ne and N2 in CO2, N2 and CH4 deposits.

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7. Fig. 6. Dependence of the 20Ne/22Ne ratio on the partial pressure of N2 in CO2, N2 and CH4 deposits. For deposit symbols, see Fig. 2.

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8. Fig. 7. Dependence of the 21Ne/22Ne ratio on the partial pressure of N2 in gas deposits. For deposit symbols, see Fig. 2.

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9. Fig. 8. Relationship between the values of 20Ne/22Ne and N2 /Ne ratios in gas deposits. For deposit symbols, see Fig. 2.

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10. Fig. 9. The relationship between the values of the 21Ne/22Ne and N2 /Ne ratios in gas deposits. For deposit symbols, see Fig. 2.

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11. Fig. 10. Dependence of the isotopic composition of Ne on the N2 /Ne ratio in CH4 deposits of Cenozoic, Mesozoic and Paleozoic sediments, and in N2 deposits. The dotted lines min. N2 and max. N2 are the mixing lines according to equations (18–21).

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12. Fig. 11. Relationships between the 20Ne/22Ne, 21Ne/22Ne and N2 /Ne ratios in CO2 deposits with 20Ne/22Ne ratios greater than 9.8: 1 – Bravo Dome, 2 – McCallum, 3 – Ship Mountain.

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13. Fig. 12. Relationships between partial pressures of N2, He and Ne in CO2 and N2 deposits in sedimentary basins of the Colorado and Green River Plateaus.

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14. Fig. 13. Histogram of the distribution of partial pressure values of N2 in deposits with its concentration of 90% or more (pressure in bars).

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15. Fig. 14. Dependence of δ15N(N2) values on partial pressure: (a) – N2 and ratio (b) – N2/Ne in deposits 1 – Hugoton and 2 – Panhandle.

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16. Fig. 15. Dependence of the isotopic composition of Ne on the isotopic composition of: (a) N2 and (b) CH4 carbon in deposits of CO2, N2 and CH4.

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