Geology aspects and formation of the erosional structure of Upper Miocene deposits of the Western Cicaucasus

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Abstract

The results of regional studies of the Early Miocene deposits of the Western Ciscaucasia, carried out on the basis of seismic stratigraphic analysis, are presented. The spatial pattern of sediment accumulation is analyzed and the paleogeographic conditions during the regressive stages of the Late Miocene in the Western Ciscaucasia are clarified. Erosion incisions of several levels were identified, which developed during the fall of the erosion base level during major regressions in the studied time interval. By spatial correlation of paleochannels based on a selected series of intersecting seismic profiles, the buried river valleys of the Paleo-Don and Paleo-Donts were reconstructed and constructed at the Sarmatian‒Meotis boundaries and within the Late Meotis‒Late Pontian interval.

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About the authors

I. S. Postnikova

Geological Institute RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: postnikova_irina1994@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 119017, Moscow, Pyzhevsky lane, 7, bld. 1

I. S. Patina

Geological Institute RAS

Email: irina.patina@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 119017, Moscow, Pyzhevsky lane, 7, bld. 1

G. M. Gorkin

Geological Institute RAS

Email: gorkin_g96@mail.com
Russian Federation, 119017, Moscow, Pyzhevsky lane, 7, bld. 1

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2. Fig. 1. General scheme of the work area. 1 – areas of modern absence of Sarmatian deposits; 2 – deep wells drilled in the territory of the Western Ciscaucasia; 3 – seismic profiles of the common depth point method; 4 – profiles used as illustrations in the article.

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3. Fig. 2. Characteristic seismic facies of late Miocene seismic complexes. a – parallel seismic facies of shallow shelf; b, c – erosional incisions of river systems; d – clinoform seismic facies of shelf. 1 – boundaries of seismic complexes; 2 – clinoforms; 3 – boundaries of roof of Meotian seismic complex (a – erosional, b – conformable); 4 – boundaries of roof of Sarmatian seismic complex (a – erosional, b – conformable); 5 – indices of regional reflecting horizons.

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4. Fig. 3. Fragment of seismostratigraphic profile through the Kopan Depression, demonstrating the inherited structure of erosional incisions. 1 – boundaries of seismic complexes; 2 – boundaries of the roof of the Meotian seismic complex (a – erosional, b – conformable); 3 – boundaries of the roof of the Sarmatian seismic complex (a – erosional, b – conformable); 4 – deformed incision filling complex; 5 – indices of regional reflecting horizons; 6 – wells.

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5. Fig. 4. Fragment of seismostratigraphic profile across the Timashevskaya Step, demonstrating incised valleys of Sarmatian and Meotian ages. 1 – boundaries of seismic complexes; 2 – boundaries of the roof of the Meotian seismic complex (a – erosional, b – conformable); 3 – boundaries of the roof of the Sarmatian seismic complex (a – erosional, b – conformable); 4 – deformed incision filling complex; 5 – indices of regional reflecting horizons; 6 – wells. For the profile position, see Fig. 1.

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6. Fig. 5. Fragment of seismostratigraphic profile across the northern edge of the West Kuban trough. 1 – boundaries of seismic complexes; 2 – clinoforms; 3 – boundaries of the roof of the Meotian seismic complex (a – erosional, b – conformable); 4 – boundaries of the roof of the Sarmatian seismic complex (a – erosional, b – conformable); 5 – indices of regional reflecting horizons; 6 – wells. For the position of the profile, see Fig. 1.

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7. Fig. 6. Paleogeographic schemes. a – transgressive stage of the early-middle Sarmatian time, b – regressive stage at the Sarmatian‒Maeotian boundary. 1 – erosion areas; 2 – areas of compensated (shallow shelf) and avalanche (submerged shelf) sedimentation; 3 – areas of uncompensated sedimentation (depressions and troughs); 4 – deep-sea depression; 5 – areas of modern absence of Sarmatian deposits; 6 – clinoforms; 7 – incised paleoriver valleys and direction of terrigenous material transfer into them; 8 – direction of terrigenous material transfer.

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8. Fig. 7. Paleogeographic schemes. a – transgressive stage of the Early Maeotian, b – regressive event in the Late Maeotian‒Late Pontic. 1 – erosion areas; 2 – areas of compensated (shallow shelf) and avalanche (submerged shelf) sedimentation; 3 – areas of uncompensated sedimentation (depressions and troughs); 4 – deep-sea basin; 5 – areas of modern absence of Maeotian deposits; 6 – clinoforms; 7 – incised paleoriver valleys and direction of terrigenous material transfer into them; 8 – direction of terrigenous material transfer.

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