Unusual mineralization in basaltic andesite of submarine volcano Esmeralda (Mariana Island Arc)

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Abstract

The results of studies of a basaltic andesite sample complicated by a mineralized crack and voids, with a crack and gas voids filled with secondary mineralization dredged on the Esmeralda underwater volcano, are presented. A detailed comparative study of the mineral composition of the substance lining the crack, the space around the crack, and the part of basaltic andesite unaffected by secondary changes made it possible for the first time for the underwater Esmeralda volcano to establish the presence of an association of minerals that is not characteristic of unaltered volcanic rocks. In the intracrack space and adjacent zones of basaltic andesite, wide ranges of plagioclase composition were determined, isomorphism in the Fe-Ca-pyroxene series was studied, REE oxides, hydroxides and fluorohydroxides were studied, and variability in the composition of minerals in the magnetite-hematite series was shown. It is assumed that tectonic movements led to the emergence of permeable zones in the previously formed basaltic andesites through which new portions of the melt leaked. In a limited space, high fluid gas saturation, temperature and pressure made it possible to extract metal compounds from the melt and host rocks.

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About the authors

V. A. Rashidov

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far East Branch of the RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: rashidva@kscnet.ru
Russian Federation, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

V. V. Petrova

Geological Institute of the RAS

Email: v.petrova.v@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

V. V. Ananyev

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far East Branch of the RAS

Email: rashidva@kscnet.ru
Russian Federation, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

N. V. Gorkova

Geological Institute of the RAS

Email: rashidva@kscnet.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

References

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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1. JATS XML
2. Fig. 1. Location (left) and bathymetric map (right) of the Esmeralda submarine volcano. The polygon indicates the dredge area and the triangle indicates the location of the B5-6-90TR sampling

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3. Fig. 2. Spile of cut B5-6-90TR. The fracture and voids made by minerals are clearly visible

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4. Fig. 3. Structure of the intracrack space and the adjacent part of andesibasalt

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5. Fig. 4. Structure and mineral composition of the inner zone of the fracture space

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6. Fig. 5. Heterogeneity of composition of pyroxene precipitates present in the intracrack space (see Table 4)

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7. Fig. 6. Diagram of pyroxene composition in andesibasalts and alkaline basalt of Esmeralda volcano (the basis of the diagram is from [Morimoto et al., 1988])

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8. Fig. 7. Druse of hematite in association with hedenbergite, plagioclase, saponite and rare-earth minerals in the centre of the fracture space

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9. Fig. 8. Aragonite filling the central parts of gas voids and ‘blowouts’ of the fracture (SEM)

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10. Fig. 9. Localisation of rare-earth minerals in the gas cavity

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11. Fig. 10. Spider diagram of REE content in rocks of Esmeralda volcano

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12. Fig. 11. Filling of the fracture space with mineral association plagioclase + pyroxene + hematite + saponite

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