Vol 24, No 3 (2022)

It is known that the founder of modern nursing and the first professional nurse is Florence Nightingale, who first created the service of nurses. Since 1993, the International Day of the Nurse has been celebrated annually in the Russian Federation on May 12. In this connection, at the Pharmaceutical college of the Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, among the students of the Nursing department, events dedicated to the International Day of the Nurse are held annually. One of such events is a conference, which is held in the form of a project competition among first-year students on the basis of secondary general education and second-year students on the basis of basic general education. In 2022, a study was conducted at the college among 135 students of the 1st-4th year of the Nursing department, the purpose of which was to identify the degree of awareness of students in the field of the history of the creation of the Sisters of Mercy service and the International Day of the Nurse. The results of the survey showed good awareness among 76–97% of students.

The article introduces the experience of teaching nurses on the basis of the Institute of Nursing Education at the Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko. During the existence of the Institute of Nursing Education in Voronezh, 950 specialists have been trained. The article shows the experience of teaching in the specialty «Nursing» within the framework of a large institution of higher medical education, presents the main activities of the institute of nursing education.

Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell tumor, the development of which is associated with the proliferation and accumulation of immunoglobulin-secreting terminally differentiated monoclonal B cells. A characteristic feature of the disease is the production by myeloma cells of a pathological protein – paraprotein. In developed countries, myeloma annually affects an average of 4 people per 100,000 populations. This disease develops due to the proliferation of myeloma cells in the bone marrow in the form of tumor growths. Bone tissue degradation occurs, as well as the accumulation of paraproteins in the blood, which leads to protein stasis in the vessels, increased blood viscosity and paraproteinemic coma. Clinical manifestations may be the result of bone damage, impaired immune function, changes in the kidneys, anemia, increased blood viscosity. A frequent clinical sign of multiple myeloma is the susceptibility of patients to bacterial infections due to hypogammaglobulinemia, a decrease in the production of normal antibodies. Obvious diagnostic signs of multiple myeloma are: foci of destruction, «target skull» and osteoporosis on the x-ray, typing of paraproteins in the blood and urine by immunofixation, determination of kappa and lambda light chains in the urine. A complete cure is impossible; they try to transfer the disease to the stage of remission. Alkylating cytostatic drugs are used: sarcolysin and cyclophosphamide; corticosteroid hormones (increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy), analgesic drugs. Radiation therapy may be used.

Physiotherapy treatment can be given to any child with an acute or chronic disability. Being the most important component of the rehabilitation complex, physiotherapy is actively used after an acute illness or exacerbation of a chronic illness, or in order to provide rehabilitation after a surgical operation on the biliary tract. The publication describes the actual possibilities of physiotherapy, obtained as a result of national practice. Attention is paid to both the methods of hardware physiotherapy and the use of natural physical factors. The role of training specialized medical personnel in accordance with regulatory documents is emphasized. The variety of existing techniques and their effectiveness make physiotherapy a truly unique specialty, including in relation to biliary pathology in children.

Objective of the study. To study literature data on cardiovascular complications risk assessment, their prevention and treatment in patients with new coronavirus infection (COVID 19) and various comorbid diseases.

Material and methods. The authors analyzed 19 Russian and 11 foreign publications that addressed the issues of risk assessment of cardiovascular complications, their prevention and treatment in patients with new coronavirus infection (COVID 19) and various comorbid conditions.

Results. Cardiovascular disease is the most common comorbid pathology in COVID 19 patients. Fatal complications in COVID-19 are associated with pulmonary embolism, acute coronary syndrome, and acute cerebral circulation disorder. Respiratory failure and worsening of the clinical course of existing cardiovascular diseases in patients could be the cause of death in patients with new coronavirus infection. The presence of previous myocardial infarction in men and women with COVID-19 increased the risk of death by 3-fold.

Conclusion. The lethality of patients with COVID-19 in the presence of coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus was higher than in the absence of the above pathology. COVID-19 disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The examination of patients with COVID-19 requires thorough analysis of cardiovascular and comorbid risk factors with subsequent correction of therapeutic, preventive and rehabilitative measures.