Meditsinskaya sestra

The article presents the results of the assessment of the state of human resource development of nursing personnel in the world. The main problems of human resource capacity of these professionals are described: violence in the workplace; professional burnout; deterioration of mental health; secondary traumatic stress and moral trauma due to prolonged stay with patients experiencing suffering; disillusionment with the profession due to the mismatch between professional training and functional responsibilities.

Health systems must rethink the traditional model of workforce development characterized by rigid specialization and prescribed roles. This requires expanding nursing roles, fostering collaboration in health care teams, and integrating digital technologies for administrative tasks.

A hospice or palliative care nurse is in constant contact with a seriously ill person in a situation of incurability of the disease. The emotional well-being of nurses is an important aspect of ensuring quality patient care. To study the factors influencing the emotional state of nurses, targeted psychological studies are conducted. Such aspects as triggers of emotional stress, predictors of secondary traumatization, consequences of emotional burnout, as well as the role of team interaction in the prevention of professional deformation are considered. Recommendations and support programs are being developed to improve the emotional state and professional well-being of nurses.

This article examines the feasibility of using an existential approach in the psychological training of nurses working with terminally ill patients.

The relevance of the study of the problem of organization and implementation of hygienic measures for oral care of patients in intensive care units is associated with the fact that inadequate oral care is one of the conditions for the development of nosocomial infections, in particular, ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Inadequate care can be caused by various reasons, including the lack of clear instructions on the timing and intensity of tooth and tongue brushing, and the use of outdated methods and materials.

We believe that the technology of “Oral Care of the Patient in the ICU” needs to be reviewed in order to bring it up to date.

Modern gastrostomy methods are minimally invasive and provide a quick recovery period while following the recommendations for care.

This article is about the key aspects related to gastrostomy – types of gastrostomies, indications and contraindications for surgery, as well as preoperative preparation and postoperative care.

The main reasons why a gastrostomy may need to be installed are described. Such as swallowing disorders, consciousness, and the need for prolonged probe feeding.

The postoperative care section describes in detail the recommendations for the care of the gastrostoma, including skin treatment, bandaging, prevention of complications and what should be paid attention to in the care of the gastrostoma.

Possible complications are discussed both during surgery and in the postoperative period. The article is for medical professionals and patients who need information about gastrostomy.

The article discusses the importance of practice-based training as a means of professionalizing future midwives. Competence and professionalism of specialists are the main requirements of a modern employer. It is important for the future medical worker to realize the practical significance of the studied material, to maintain the perspective of his professional activity, master new technologies, present the difficulties of medical work and be ready to overcome them. This is the main purpose of the practical approach to the training of future medical workers. The successful development of a professionally competent mid-level medical worker is facilitated by practical training, which is the most important direction of the educational process in a medical college. Practice-oriented training is implemented in practical classes, training and production practices. Practical exercises are the first stage where Prof. The successful development of a professionally competent mid-level medical worker is facilitated by practical training, which is the most important direction of the educational process in a medical college. Practice-oriented training is implemented in practical classes, training and production practices. Practical classes are the first stage where students have professional and general competencies, face-to-face impact on each student, forms of education based on medical ethics and deontology are developed.

An important place in practical classes is occupied by training in practical manipulations on modern phantoms and simulators. Multiple repetition of practical manipulation according to the algorithm contributes to its mastery to automatism. The introduction of simulation training in professional activities helps to develop clinical and practical experience without risk to the patient. The next stage of practice-oriented training for future midwives is the training practice, which is carried out after the study of interdisciplinary courses that are part of professional modules.

It is aimed at acquiring initial practical experience and takes place in preclinical offices, as well as in clinical conditions in obstetric institutions, where the teacher calls students with the organization of the work of structural units of the obstetric hospital, antenatal clinic, students acquire skills in communicating with patients and performing the studied practical skills in examining pregnant women, women in labor, childbirth and gynecological patients. Such classes contribute to the development of professional competencies and responsibility for the result of their activities.

After studying each professional module, students undergo practical training, which is aimed at strengthening, deepening and systematizing the knowledge and skills acquired by students in the process of theoretical and practical training. Production practice is carried out at the bases of obstetric hospitals in the city. In the process of practicing the vocational module, students master the main types of professional activities of a midwife/obstetrician, improve the ethical and deontological aspects of communication with patients and medical personnel.

The final stage of practical training is pre-graduation practice. During 4 weeks at the workplace in the obstetric hospital and antenatal clinic, students improve their knowledge, gain experience of independent work of the future midwife.

Thus, a practice-oriented approach in the training of secondary medical professionals creates the conditions for the training of a competent medical specialist.

Biliary stone disease is currently one of the most common nosologies, and its social significance has increased significantly in recent years. Gallstone disease is mainly caused by the following factors: bile cholesterol oversaturation caused by excessive cholesterol secretion in the liver due to genetic factors; systolic dysfunction of the gallbladder wall; intestinal dysfunction with excessive cholesterol absorption or increased blood cholesterol content caused by impaired hepatic circulation of bile; and accelerated growth of cholesterol crystals. To prevent the development of this pathology, it is necessary to observe the measures of primary prevention, including the refusal of bad habits, adherence to a balanced diet with a predominance of plant foods to normalize and maintain the motility of the gastrointestinal tract.

Palliative care for cancer patients is undergoing significant changes, transitioning from narrow symptomatic treatment to a comprehensive integrative approach. The nurse becomes a key link in implementing modern palliative therapy protocols, including continuous analgesic infusions, metabolic modulators for cachexia management, pro-oxidant therapy, and integrative methods for improving quality of life. The article examines the main problems of palliative oncology – pain syndrome, cachexia, multiorgan failure – and the nurse's role in addressing them. Special attention is paid to international experience of nurse-led initiatives that have shown effectiveness in improving symptom control. The analysis covers promising directions for nursing development in palliative medicine, including interdisciplinary care coordination, application of innovative technologies, and integration of evidence-based practices into daily work.

Modern palliative care requires innovative solutions to maintain communication and cognitive functions in patients with severe speech and motor impairments. The aim of the study is to analyze the possibilities of using digital neurotechnologies in palliative practice and determine the role of nurses in their implementation. A systematic review of international and Russian experience in using eye-tracking technologies, neurointerfaces and EEG monitoring was conducted.The systems Tobii Dynavox, EyeControl, GazeSpeak, Neurable, Emotiv and domestic developments iTracker and CEREBRO are considered.

The results show that eye-tracking systems improve communication in patients with ALS and locked-in syndrome, neurofeedback helps reduce anxiety, and portable EEG monitoring allows objective assessment of consciousness state. The nurse plays a key role in training patients, interpreting data and coordinating the interdisciplinary team. Implementation of digital neurotechnologies requires special training of nursing staff and adaptation of palliative care infrastructure.