Влияние факторов повышенного давления газовой среды на состояние водно-электролитного обмена организма при водолазных спусках

A study was made of the mechanisms of changes that occur in water-electrolyte metabolism and kidney function during diving descents under conditions of high pressure of the gaseous medium, hypoxia, hyperoxia, toxic concentrations of nitrogen and decompression gas formation. 44 male divers aged 19–23 were examined. Emerging changes in the subjects were determined using oral renal exercise tests and registration of hormonal manifestations. It was revealed that the mechanisms of regulation of water-electrolyte metabolism and kidney functions under conditions of decompression gas formation, hypoxic hypoxia, toxic effects of nitrogen and oxygen are determined by changes in the functioning of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Changes in water and electrolyte metabolism that occur under the influence of hyperbaric factors on unstable subjects are because of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, an increase in the activity of neurons in the posterior hypothalamus, an effect on the functioning of vascular α-adrenergic receptors, and an effect on the respiratory system because of an increase in the density of the respiratory gas mixture. In subjects with high resistance to hyperbaric factors, the activity of the excretory system is aimed at increasing the excretion of sodium and chlorine in the urine, as well as at the development of polyuria – «pressure diuresis».