Voenno-medicinskij žurnal

Ensuring the economic and political independence of Russia requires the presence of the Armed Forces and civilian specialists in areas with unfavorable climatic conditions. The results are presented. studying the features of medical and psychological rehabilitation of military personnel in areas with unfavorable climatic conditions, the major problems in this area, as well as developing ways to solve them. An analysis of the regulatory legal framework at the state and departmental levels for medical and psychological rehabilitation was carried out. We studied the accounting and reporting materials of sanatorium and resort organizations for 2015–2021, as well as the medical histories of military personnel who underwent medical and psychological rehabilitation. It is shown that at present this procedure is carried out only in relation to military personnel, although under the updated edition of the Russian Maritime Doctrine it also applies to the civilian component of the maritime potential, which is especially important for those working rotationally. The directions for improving the medical and psychological rehabilitation of military personnel and civilian specialists in areas with unfavorable climatic conditions are substantiated.

Literary data on the treatment of combat injuries in the subclavian-axillary arterial segment are summarized. Based on our own experience in providing specialized vascular care to 36 wounded with gunshot injuries of the subclavian and axillary arteries, comparative results of three methods of providing surgical care were obtained: open, endovascular and hybrid interventions. Definitive surgical care for such wounded patients should be provided in large multidisciplinary medical institutions with open reconstructive, endovascular, and hybrid surgery capabilities. Palliative methods of improving collateral blood flow for injuries of the subclavian and axillary arteries should remain in the arsenal of vascular surgery and, with adequate indications, allow one to achieve good clinical results. It is necessary to further study the results and features of various methods of surgery for hard-to-reach arterial segments with the development of specific selection criteria.

The objectives of screening are the diagnosis of early stages of cancer, the identification and timely removal of adenomatous polyps, and the goals are to reduce mortality and improve survival. The fundamental requirements for screening are low cost, safety, ease of implementation, high sensitivity, and specificity. It is necessary to separate approaches to screening in groups with average, increased and high risks of colorectal cancer. It is recommended that screening begin in average-risk patients at age 40 and continue until age 75. In patients with increased and high risks of colorectal cancer, the age at which screening begins and its frequency is determined individually, based on medical history and risk factors. When deciding whether to screen, it is necessary to take into account the patient’s individual preferences, risks, availability of tests and their cost. Colon cancer is a socially significant disease that can be effectively treated in its early stages. The feasibility of screening for colorectal cancer is undoubted, and the development of new methods for early diagnosis, identifying markers of early stages of carcinogenesis, is of great importance.

Based on information received from the Ministry of Health of Russia and the specialized medical organization of this department, as well as information from the available literature, the article outlines the issues of training and admission of medical workers to conduct skin diagnostic tests using the tuberculosis allergen (immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis), including conducting training of paramedical personnel based on medical anti-tuberculosis organizations, the procedure for issuing, validity periods and forms of documents confirming training. Taking into account regulatory requirements, the specifics of formalizing informed voluntary consent for the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis as a type of medical intervention have been clarified. Prospects for expanding the scope of application of immunodiagnostics of tuberculosis are presented, providing for its inclusion in the complex of medical examination of persons conscripted (entering) military service, as well as within the framework of a medical examination of military personnel.

Despite the large number of studies that study the characteristics of the activities of pilots and operators of modern aviation systems, a number of problems remain unresolved related to the development and improvement of professional psychological selection of this category of military specialists. As a result of the analysis of accumulated experience in engineering psychology, ergonomics, aviation psychology, and psychophysiology, a number of psychophysiological features of the activities of aircraft operators were identified. The main psychological and psychophysiological criteria for professional psychological selection of operators of unmanned aerial systems have been identified, which contribute to improving the quality of professional training, considering the specifics and effectiveness of operator activity.

Violation of spatial orientation and spatial disorientation of flight personnel is a common cause of aviation accidents and disasters. The Russian state aviation provides the structure of accidents for this reason. The authors conducted a survey of flight personnel on the conditions, signs, and methods of overcoming illusions of spatial position, indicating the types and frequency of their occurrence. The survey of flight personnel identified the stages of flight performance, which are most often characterized by the development of cases of discrepancy between instrument readings and the subjective feeling of the aircraft’s position in space. The survey also identified the most informative out-of-cockpit landmarks used to identify these discrepancies, as well as the flight and navigation instruments used by the flight crew.

A systematic process for the formation of a Standard for equipping first aid kits, bags and sets of medical equipment for providing first aid to military personnel is presented, based on the experience of a special military operation in Ukraine, an analysis of legislative and regulatory acts, as well as scientific literature. Detailed characteristics of the adopted Standard for equipping a first aid kit for an individual API, as well as a promising first aid kit for an API, are given. The design features of its improved design cover are described. Particular attention is paid to pairing first aid kits and medical bags with elements of combat equipment for military personnel. It has been shown that the use of first aid kits, bags and sets of medical equipment, modernized under the equipment standard, can significantly increase the survival rate of military personnel when wounded or injured when performing combat (combat training), special and other tasks.

The article is devoted to the musical heritage of the professor of the Department of Chemistry of the Imperial Military Medical Academy A.P. Borodin (1833–1887), which they tried to preserve within the walls of his alma mater. This is confirmed by two events that occurred after Borodin’s sudden death – the display of his work, the opera «Prince Igor» as part of the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the academy in 1898 and the creation of the Circle of Music Lovers in memory of the composer in 1912, the existence of which was reported unfortunately, it was subsequently forgotten.

The article provides information about the life and work of Ferdinand Sauerbruch (1875–1951), a leading German surgeon of the first half of the twentieth century, recognized as one founder of thoracic surgery, phthisiosurgery, cardiac surgery, the leader of German surgery at the beginning of the last century, and a participant in two world wars. The authors of the article set out to dwell on the life and work of Professor Sauerbruch, based on information from his description of his life path, set out in the book of memoirs «Das war mein Leben» («This Was My Life»), first translated and published in 2022 in Russia.

The authors present a brief report on the working meeting of the heads of the medical services of the defense departments of the member states of the Collective Security Treaty Organization. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the development of common approaches to the organization of medical support and the further improvement of medical support for the Troops (Collective Forces) of the organization. The participants focused on discussing the experience of conducting a special exercise for the joint formation of NBC protection and medical support known as «Barrier-2023». It was possible to outline ways to improve and develop interaction on issues of medical support for the Troops (Collective Forces) of the organization.