Том 334, № 12 (2013)

The Kirov Military Medical Academy, included into the State Code of Particularly Valuable Objects of Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of the Russian Federation, plays an important role in national military-medical science and education during XVIII and XIX centuries. Today the Kirov Military Medical Academy consists of 7 faculties, 63 departments (52 military departments and 11 civil departments), 31 clinics (17 surgical clinics and 14 therapeutic clinics), center of extracorporeal detoxification, 3 departments, taking part in treatment and diagnostic process, 11 clinical subdivisions, research center consisting of 4 research subdivisions and 2 laboratories, and also 14 research laboratories, 32 supply subdivisions and publications department. Glorious staff and graduates of the Academy took part in all russian wars. All famous medical schools were founded in the Academy in XIX-XX centuries. At the present time the Kirov Military Medical Academy is the main military medical university, leading research center und treatment facility of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

This article is devoted to the actual problem of modern ophthalmology — primary health care in cases of mechanical ocular trauma. The article presents the information about the most common ocular trauma and secondary organs of eye, which can occur in the practice of the military doctor. The article includes epidemiological analysis of eye injuries in peacetime and wartime. The authors propose an algorithm for examining patients with damages of visual organs. They also suggest the most informative diagnostic techniques and manipulations that can be performed in a medical center of a military unit with the help of provided resources to the correct formulation of preliminary diagnosis and choice of evacuation destination of a wounded person. These diagnostic manipulations do not require special skills and can be carried out in a medical center of a military unit. In their article, the authors propose an approximate algorithm of therapeutic measures carried out using medicines of primary health care that can be performed in a medical centre of a military unit with a help of provided resources, with an indication of drugs, dosage and ways of injection. Performing the described list of simple treatment measures for eye care allows a high degree of probability to achieve the prevention of infectious and inflammatory complications of eye injuries and subsidiary organs. This article is intended to military doctors and paramedics.

The 215 th anniversary of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy (now Military Medical) is a reason not only for celebration, but also is the moment of truth, connecting the great history of surgical development in Russian and its prospects in 21 st century. The Kirov Military Medical Academy is the center of professional education for military surgeons. There is not only military medical research and practice, but also clinical. The main goal of the Academy is development of different schools of the Academy. These schools are the fundamental basis for researches and military-medical staff training able for any service during the peace and wartime. Nowadays the Academy is not only the leading institute on battlefield surgery and treatment of severe multisystem injuries, but also the training center for emergency medicine.

The Military Medical Academy has been solving theoretical and practical issues, concerning development of military medical supply, for 215 years. At different time periods and according to needs of military medicine and pharmacy researches and employees of the Academy aimed efforts to: development of the theory and practice of medical supply organization, regulatory basis of the system of medical supply, development of new samples of medical equipment, development of medicine manufacturing technologies and methods of quality control, researches in the area of medicine radiochemistry, forensic chemistry and toxicology, herbal and mineral water analysis and etc. At the present time there are the following education programs at the Academy: «Pharmacy», magister program «Management of medical supply», program for resident physicians «Management and economics of pharmacy.

Training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical staff is one of the most important tasks of any high school. The problem of staff training arose in the Kirov Military Medical (Medical Surgical) Academy before its official foundation. In 1741 first scholars were sent abroad for the preparation of theses. The scholars were supposed to return to the hospital schools for teaching activity. Since 1802 scholars have defended their theses in the Academy. In 1858 special medical institute, the prototype of the Institute for postgraduate military studies was established. Many outstanding scientists studied in the Academy and brought name of the Academy into repute. At the present time, the Institute of postgraduate military studies (postgraduate) of the Kirov Military Medical Academy continues to train scientific staff. The Institute of postgraduate military studies remains one of the most successful institutes in Russia.

Russian first department of infectious diseases, which has great traditions and achievements, as of right is a brilliant constellation of national researchers and practitioners military infectology, not only brought the Kirov Military Medical Academy into repute, but also made a huge contribution to the development of the science of infectious diseases and the establishment of an effective system treatment and prevention of these diseases. This article outlines the main historical stages of infectology in the armed forces of our country, summed up the contribution of members of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Military Medical Academy in medical science, marked modern progress and prospects of development of military infectology.