Том 332, № 9 (2011)

The problem of temporary hemorrhage control is one of the most important issues of modern war surgery and surgery of trauma. It is a review of literature devoted to prehospital care in extremity major vascular injuries, embraced up-to-date domestic materials as well as the modern foreign papers in this area. The most important historical landmarks of temporary hemorrhage control system are considered. We paid special attention to the most usable methods and means of hemorrhage control which are utilized at the modern time: pressure bandages, tourniquets, local haemostatic agents. The comprehensive analysis of the contamporary haemostatic means concerning U.S. Army has done. The experience of foreign colleagues in development ofprehospital care for the injured, creation and progress of new haemostatic methods, application of temporary hemorrhage control system is analyzed.

On the basis of analysis of experience of eliminate the consequences of derailing train accidents given the classification of emergency situations, set the features predict the expected health loss under the explosion of various damaging factors. The recommendations concerning the planning of medical consequences control after railway accidents with hazardous cargo are given.

The deaths happened as a result of wounds caused by non-lethal weapon (NLW) are mainly associated with severe and extremely severe damage of brain. However, vast number of specific problems occurs in cases of extracranial gunshot wounds caused by NLW. Taking into account little physicians’ experience, and absenc of standard approaches to treatment of these wounds till now. This paper embraces peculiarities of clinical signs, diagnosis and surgical treatment of cervical, truncal, and extremities wounds caused by NLW. Our investigation allowed to draw a conclusion that gunshot wounds caused by NLW have similar characteristics. These ones are the same with signs of wounds caused by small arms. Surgical treatment of wounds caused by NLW is based on the standard approaches to treatment of low-velocity missile wounds.

A total incidence of flight personnel third place takes surgical pathology, which is one of the leading causes of disqualification. Conditions that determine occupational health status of flight personnel with surgical diseases are appropriate therapeutic and preventive measures and regular medical monitoring. In purposes of qualified decision of diagnosis, treatment, examination, treatment and preventive measures of surgical pathology in flight personnel it is suggested to develop in accordance with the guidelines and latest developments in surgery «Guidelines for the medical health monitoring of flight personnel in surgical diseases of the aviation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation».