Utilization of Nutrients Entering Through the Bering Strait to the Southwestern Chukchi Sea with the Example of Mineral Phosphorus

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Abstract

Spatial variations of nutrients along the northwestward stream from Bering Sea to Chukchi Sea are considered for dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) on the data of two surveys conducted in early September of 2010 and 2020. The waters of Bering Sea origin have higher DIP than the waters of Chukchi Sea, but in the upper layer gradually loose phosphorus because of both mixing with local waters and consumption for photosynthesis. In the subsurface layer, the DIP decreasing is prevented by its recycling from destructed organics. The fluxes of phosphorus are estimated separately using the balance model with TS-analysis, previously used in estuarine studies. Successive utilization of DIP along the stream is traced, that forms in the Chukchi Sea two zones of high productivity divided by wide low-productive zone. The nutrients from the upper layer are utilized within the southwestern Chukchi Sea providing primary production 0.1–0.2 gC/m3day, but the main stock of allochtonous nutrients from the subsurface layer is utilized further downstream (at Wrangel Is. or in the northern Chukchi Sea) and provides the production of 0.3–0.4 gC/m3day. Localization of the high-productive zones is determined by density stratification that possibly depends on the stream strength: the stronger advection through Bering Strait – the further from the strait both zones are located. Recent tendency of the stream strengthening tends to remove the zones of utilization the nutrients of Pacific origin out of the southwestern Chukchi Sea.

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About the authors

Yu. I. Zuenko

Тихоокеанский филиал (ТИНРО) Всероссийского НИИ рыбного хозяйства и океанографии

Author for correspondence.
Email: zuenko_yury@hotmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1312-542X
Russian Federation, Владивосток

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of water circulation in the eastern sector of the Arctic Ocean. Surface currents are shown by solid arrows, deep currents - by dotted arrows. The frame indicates the study area in the Chukchi Sea.

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3. Fig. 2. Mean salinity of the subsurface layer of the Bering Sea water flow in the Chukchi Sea based on data from the TINRO survey on September 7-16, 2010 and August 26-September 5, 2020. Survey stations are shown by dots; stations where the subsurface layer was occupied by the Arctic subsurface water mass are indicated by circles. The white line shows a transect running roughly along the stream stem.

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4. Fig. 3. TS-diagrams of scattering of layer-averaged values of temperature and salinity at oceanological survey stations in the southwestern Chukchi Sea in the summer of 2010 and 2020. Indicators of surface water masses are indicated in yellow and brown colors, and those of subsurface water masses in green and blue colors. In the corners of the scattering area, TS-indices of water masses of autochthonous for the Chukchi Sea (PA - surface arctic, PPA - subsurface arctic) and water masses of Pacific origin (PSA - surface subarctic, PPSA - subsurface subarctic) are labeled. The mixing triangles of PCA with PA and PPSA are indicated in red color, the mixing triangles of PCA with PPA and PPSA are indicated in blue color.

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5. Fig. 4. Changes in mean mineral phosphorus concentration in the subsurface (solid line) and surface (dashed line) layers of Bering Sea water flow on the transects shown in Fig. 2.

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6. Fig. 5. Dynamics of mineral phosphorus balance components in the surface (top) and subsurface (bottom) flow layers of Bering Sea waters as they move away from the Bering Strait in the summers of 2010 and 2020.

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7. Fig. 6. Dynamics of mineral phosphorus concentration in the surface layer of the Bering Sea stream as it moves away from the Bering Strait (estimates are assigned to the midpoints of station intervals).

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8. Fig. 7. Conditional density profiles at stations located at the Bering Sea water flow stem in the Chukchi Sea at different distances from the Bering Strait, based on data from TINRO surveys in the summer of 2010 (left) and 2020 (right).

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9. Fig. 8. Thickness of the upper quasi-homogeneous layer (HL) and maximum conditional density gradient at its lower boundary at the stations located at the Bering Sea water flow stem in the Chukchi Sea at different distances from the Bering Strait, based on data from TINRO surveys in summer 2010 and 2020.

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