Vol 31, No 9 (2020)

Arterial hypertension is considered as a risk factor for the development of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) but the causes of this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Due to the role and interaction of the sympathoadrenal and renin-angiotensin systems of the body in impaired function of the «vessel-glia-neuron» system is discussed. The review presents facts regarding the features of adrenergic regulation of cerebral circulation, the possible participation of adrenoreceptors in cognitive impairment and the development of neuroinflammation. The relationship of angiotensin-2 with remodeling of the vascular wall and the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, activation of glial cells is considered. These data substantiate the need to study selective agonists of a-, ß-adrenergic receptors and blockers of AT1 receptors for the treatment of patients with cerebrovascular disorders.

The external signs of skin aging are associated with a reduction in the number and functional activity of cells, with changes in metabolic rate, and with degradation of the main components of the extracellular matrix, first of all, the dermal collagen framework, as well as proteoglycans and hyaluronan. Understanding the metabolic processes and physiological mechanisms that occur in the skin during aging is the fundamental basis for the development of different methods for correcting involutional changes; however, the adequacy of their choice should be dictated by the etiopathogenetic validity, effect predictability, and use comforts.

At present, doctors with various medical specialties are often found with comorbidity (a combination of several diseases in the same patient). An important place among them is occupied by the problem of the combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases, due to the fact that these diseases affect the vital systems of the body, are widespread, have almost the same risk factors for occurrence, and there is still no consensus on the optimal diagnosis and treatment of such patients. This article presents current data on the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis and diagnosis of comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease.

The specificity of diving job implies the influence of various unfavorable factors (elevated pressure of the gaseous environment and breathing gas mixtures, the aquatic environment, and diving equipment) on the body, therefore, it seems relevant and timely to search for new means that aim at preserving, restoring, and maintaining the working capacity of divers and at having the minimum of side effects. This investigation evaluates the impact of course Osteomed Forte administration on the physical working capacity of divers, as well as the possibility of using the drug for planned prevention of the toxic effect of nitrogen under pressure.

Cutaneous reactions to various drugs are quite common, whereas hepatic reactions occur less frequently and may go unnoticed. Many drugs can damage the liver injuries; antiepileptic drugs, allopurinol, sulfonamides, antibiotics, and nevirapine are among the top 5 most common causes of drug-induced liver injuries. But let us not forget that the list of such drugs is much longer and it includes drugs that are widely used in different fields of medicine. Thus, systemic retinoids used long-term cause changes in blood biochemical parameters; these changes are often transient and do not require treatment discontinuation. Cyclosporine used to treat autoimmune diseases can cause increased creatinine levels and acute cholecystitis. Long-term use of methotrexate, even at low doses, or administration of systemic glucocorticosteroids can induce steatosis and other liver injuries. When prescribing medications that can cause disturbances in the hepatobiliary system, it is necessary to take into account a patients medical history and concomitant diseases, to regularly monitor blood biochemical parameters, and to incorporate hepatoprotective agents in therapy. The physician should also take into consideration possible drug interactions with the medications that the patient is already taking; this is particularly important in terms of the widespread use of polypharmacy. In our practice, we often give preference to a medication containing glycyrrhizic acid and essential phospholipids, since this combination has not only a hepatoprotective effect, but also has an anti-inflammatory effect. The inclusion of hepatoprotective agents in therapy on the first days allows avoidance of unwanted hepatotoxic effects that may be asymptomatic or irreversible in some cases.

The decreasing of skin cells regeneration in middle-aged women do the priority the investigation minimally invasive procedures for restoration of this process. The perspective substances for skin aging slowing is peptides. The goal of the work is to investigate peptide bioregulators influence on the structure of face skin of middle-aged women. Material and methods. The investigation of face skin was realized on 30 women of 44-59 years old by ultrasound diagnostic. Patients of the control group had electrophoresis with physiological solution. Women in the 1st base group had electrophoresis with KED, EDR, EDP and EDG peptides. Patients in the 2nd base group had the same as in the 1st group and per os applying polypeptide complexes of pineal gland, cartilage and ovary. Subjective effect was analyzed by enquirer. Results. Short peptides and short peptides with polypeptides complexes increased the subjective quantity of patients life. The applying of short peptides with polypeptides complexes increased thickness index of epidermis on 50% and derma - on 33%. Short peptides with polypeptides complexes increased hypoechogenic of derma by the data of ultrasound investigation. It shown the peptides ability to stimulate collagen synthesis by skin fibroblasts. Conclusion. Combined applying of KED, EDR, EDP, EDG short peptides by electrophoresis with per os applying of polypeptides complexes of pineal gland, cartilage and ovary decreased skin aging in middle-aged women.

Patients of older age groups have high comorbidity. Among geriatric diseases, sarcopenia that is a risk factor for adverse outcomes attracts increasing attention. Objective: to study the incidence of sarcopenia in persons over 60 years of age who have been admitted to a cardiology department. Subjects and methods. Thirty-six elderly and 64 senile patients were diagnosed with sarcopenia according to the updated EWGSOP2 guidelines (2018). After screening with the SARC-F questionnaire, all the patients at risk of sarcopenia underwent muscle strength measurement using a handheld dynamometer and the chair stand test, the muscle function assessment using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), as well as muscle mass estimation by bioimpedence. Results. There was a risk of sarcopenia in 78 (78%) persons [elderly (n=21) and senile (n=57) ones]. There was a decline in muscle strength, muscle function, and muscle mass in 64%, 55%, and 60% of the patients, respectively. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 53% of the patients (42% in women and 11% in men); severe sarcopenia was identified in 49%. Sarcopenia was detected in 19.4% of elderly cases and in 71.9% of senile ones. In 100% of the senile women, the SARC-F scores coincided with the results obtained by other sarcopenia diagnostic techniques. Conclusion. Sarcopenia is a common comorbidity in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The rate of sarcopenia in elderly and senile cardiac patients is 53%, substantially increasing with age; severe sarcopenia was diagnosed in 49% of cases. Sarcopenia is detected much more common in women than in men. The SARC-F questionnaire to screen sarcopenia is highly predictable, especially in elderly women.

Obesity in children and adolescents is one of the urgent problems of modern health care. In almost all countries of the world marked increase in the number of children and adolescents are overweight or obesity. This is an important factor for the development of a variety of disorders of carbohydrate. In this regard, the active their detection is of great importance both for diagnosis and for subsequent tactics patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies in children and adolescents with obesity as a predictor of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. The study involved 60 children aged 5 to 18 years with a variety of disorders in the carbohydrate background obesity and normal weight. Estimated carbohydrate and lipid disorders, conducted genetic and immunological testing for autoantibodies. As a result, it was found that obese children disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are more pronounced than in children of normal weight. Autoantibodies are often determined in a group of obese children. Thus, obesity is an aggravating factor, and detection of autoantibody is an additional method of verification studies for carbohydrate disorders.