Vol 23, No 9 (2012)

The paper gives information on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), its risk factors, screening, treatment, frequency, and severity of obstetric and perinatal complications of this pathology. It presents data on the incidence of manifest forms of DM in patients with GDM and its late consequences to their descendants’ health.

Приводятся данные о ключевой роли магния в процессах нейропротекции и нейропластичности, которые непрерывно протекают в нервной ткани и адекватность которых в первую очередь зависит от состояния энергетического обмена клеток и устойчивости клеточных мембран к повреждению. Дефицит магния лежит в основе гипоксии клеток, что приводит к последующей их гибели. При тяжелом дефиците микроэлемента, когда остро стоит вопрос о жизни и смерти пациента, требуется массивная коррекция магниевого гомеостаза. Это - неотъемлемый компонент реанимации в кардиологии, неврологии, акушерстве. Но в ежедневной рутинной практике врача-невролога пациенты с цереброваскулярной патологией, сопровождающейся дефицитом магния, встречаются гораздо чаще. Дефицит магния имеет место у пациентов с острой и хронической ишемией головного мозга. Магнийсодержащие препараты составляют патогенетическую основу как первичной, так и вторичной нейропротекции.

The nature of pain determines its treatment. Differences in useful (nociceptive) and harmful (neuropathic and psychogenic) pains are described. Diagnostic algorithms for patients with pain are described. A stratification scheme for the treatment of neuropathic pain is proposed depending on the level of nervous system injury and the sensory profile of a patient.

The paper presents the state-of-the-art of allergic rhinitis with emphasis on the causes, prevention, and diagnosis of rhinosinusotubal abnormalities. It shows a comprehensive approach to therapy for diseases of the middle ear and paranasal sinuses accompanied by rhinitis. That it is expedient to use topical decongestants in this category of patients is substantiated. Criteria for the optimality of a nasal decongestant are given on the basis of the etiopathogenetic validity, clinical efficacy and physiological pattern of the agent.

The paper shows the diagnostic value of a study of brain evoked potentials (EPs) of different modalities in evaluating central nervous system function in chronic headache. The application of multimodality EPs allows one to clarify the nature of headache and the predominant mechanisms of its chronic pattern. Algorithms for the diagnosis and pathogenetic therapy of headache, which considers the changes in brain EPs, are proposed.

The paper gives criteria for the elderly and data on the age structure of Russia’s population. Attention is centered on the principles of pharmacotherapy in persons from old age groups. There is evidence for the prevalence of sleep disorders (insomnia) and on the benefits of their therapy with Donormil that does not change the sleep pattern, cause withdrawal syndrome, or have a negative effect on memory, cognitive functions, reaction rates, which is of particular value for geriatric practice.

The investigation conducted in patients with coronary heart disease, stable angina pectoris con-current with lower extremity atherosclerosis obliterans has shown that Coraxan therapy has no direct impact on vascular wall rigidity, but improves volumetric blood flow at the site of stenotic lesion in the lower extremity artery, which is caused by a change in the pulse wave shape due to better left ventricular systolic and diastolic function.

Combined drugs that increase the level of immunological defense are used to prevent acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in children before going to preschool institutions. A prophylactic course of Immunal® plus C enhances the body's resistance to ARVI, promotes the favorable course of an adaptation period, and has a high compliance and safety.

The paper presents the optimal algorithm of combination pathogenetic therapy for pain in dorsopathy of various genesis (the time of onset and quality of achieved remission): the maximum relief of pain and anxiety syndromes with the least spectrum of side effects is noted when Mesipol and Baclosan are coadministered.

The paper shows the role of iron in the human body, gives data on its level in different organs according to age, indicates the value of iron deficiency (ID), and identifies its developmental stages. The end stage of a negative iron balance, at which ID is diagnosed, is iron-deficiency anemia. There is evidence that ID should be treated. The main groups of iron-containing drugs and their doses, including those for infants, are presented.