Vol 32, No 11 (2021)

Diseases of class ICD-10 X (J00-J99) «Diseases of the respiratory system» are the leading cause of primary morbidity In the population and morbidity with temporary disability among workers. The study of the Impact of COVID-19 on the Incidence rates of certain respiratory diseases In the population of Russia Is a relevant task. Object. To establish the change in the Indicators of the primary Incidence of respiratory diseases as a whole In the Russian Federation and in Individual constituent entitles of the Russian Federation during the pandemic of the new coronavlms infection COVID-19 in relation to the Indicators of 2019. Materials and methods. Official statistical data on the Incidence of the adult population of Russia were analyzed and changes In Indicators of individual diseases and groups of diseases of the ICD-1 OX (J00-J99) class «Respiratory diseases» for 2019-2020 were determined In Russia as a whole and In all constituent entitles of the Russian Federation. Results. The change In the level of primary morbidity for Individual diseases and groups of diseases Is multidirectional. Conclusion. The share of respiratory diseases In the structure of primary morbidity In the adult population as a whole In the Russian Federation Increased from 30.0% to 36.9%. The most significant increase In the primary morbidity rates of the adult population with pneumonia and acute obstructive laryngitis (croup) and epiglottitis, where an Increase In the Incidence rate In the whole of the Russian Federation by 275.7% and 176.7% was registered In 2020. The decrease In the level of primary morbidity of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) In the Russian Federation In common was 20.9%. An abnormally high difference In the Incidence rates In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by groups of diseases and by Individual requires additional study of the epidemiological situation and the procedure for recording diseases with a diagnosis detected for the first time In life.

The history of thyroid surgery is Inextricably linked with the formation of general surgical principles and owes Its success not only to the pioneers who boldly take their first scientifically based steps, but also to Instrumental and anesthesiologlcal support that allows operations to be performed safely and effectively. As with any history, thyroid surgery had Its own misconceptions, mistakes, and successes, behind which there are not only the names of famous physicians, but also the lives of patients. This literature review presents a historical sketch of the development of thyroid surgery from its first mention to Its further development prospects.

To identify the features of treatment for coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the authors have analyzed changes in the list of drugs and treatment regimens described in the temporary clinical guidelines.

The authors review modern methods for therapy In patients with herpetic encephalitis, as well as their own clinical case of a 22-year-old female patient with viral encephalitis, cerebral coma, and episyndrome (symptomatic syndrome) complicated by bilateral community-acquired polysegmental pneumonia, who was admitted to the hospital with suspected community-acquired COVID-19 pneumonia. The paper reflects the time course of changes In her status according to the treatment policy and shows the complexity of timely diagnosis and adequate therapy of herpetic encephalitis In the presence of community-acquired pneumonia of Initially unknown genesis. This case clearly shows how rehydration Is substituted for dehydration, by correcting fluid and electrolyte balance, how antiviral and antibacterial therapies are properly corrected, how parenteral feeding Is switched to full tube feeding, avoiding metabolic medication polypharmacy, applying an alternative approach to resolving cerebral edema, by prescribing a angloprotector with a decongestant effect could qualitatively change the patients condition.

The early postoperative period of patients after the correction of congenital heart defects under cardiopulmonary bypass is accompanied by an Increased risk of Needing. There is evidence of the effectiveness of recomNnant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in the treatment of massive perioperative Needing In children with congenital heart defects. The aim of the retrospective study was to study the experience of using rFVIIa In the treatment of hypocoagulant postoperative bleeding In children with congenital heart defects. Materials and methods The analysis of the results of diagnostics and surgical treatment of 34 children aged 1 day to 17.5 years for congenital heart defects was carried out. The data of clinical observation and laboratory research were used. The Introduction of rFVIIa was performed in the presence of severe postoperative bleeding with a Nood loss rate of more than 3 ml/kg/h and signs of hypocoagulatlon. Results. In all patients, postoperative bleeding was stopped. In all age groups, except for the age of 3-7years, a significant decrease In the volume of bleeding was obtained with the relative time pdnt of rFVIIa administration. Complications and deaths were not observed. Conclusions The use of the rFVIIa preparation Is effective in the treatment of hypocoagulant postoperative Needing In children with congenital heart defects after corrective Interventions under cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no complications and side effects of the drug, which Indicates the safety of therapy.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogenous group of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with distinct somatic comorbidities. The core symptoms of ASD in children are often aggravated by co-occurrlng conditions and require the awareness of pediatricians and other specialists. Imbalance of elements are currently considered as one of the possible etiopathogenetlc factors of ASD and comorbid conditions. Elements plays crucial role in the formation and development of the child body. They act as cofactors of a number of enzymes, providing the functioning of various metabolic pathways. The study analyzed the structure of somatic symptoms In 62 children (45 boys, 17 girls) 1-13years old with ASD (F.84) confirmed by a psychiatrist and compared It with hair elements! levels. Correlation analysis using nonparametric methods was used to study the relationship between the hair elements' content and various somatic conditions in children with ASD. Thus, musculoskeletal diseases correlated with the hair level of potassium (r=-0.284; p=0.05), calcium (r=0.251; p=0.05) and copper (f=0.281; p=0.05), cardiovascular diseases correlated with the hair level of sodium (f =-0.260; p=0.05), pathology of respiratory tract correlated with the hair level of selenium (r=0.295; p=0.05), genitourinary diseases correlated with the hair level of iodine (r=0.375; p=0.01) and silicon (r=0265; p=0.05), endocrine pathology correlated with the hair level of calcium (r=0.309; p=0.05) and zinc (r=0.270; p=0.05), Immunopathology correlated with the hair level of vanadium (r=0.252; p=0.05), and allergic pathology correlated with the hair level of nickel (r=0.346; p=0.01) and aluminum (r=0.251; p=0.05). The revealed correlations between the hair elements' content and various somatic conditions confirm the effect of elemental metabolism on health status of children with ASD.

Objective; to compare the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of the combined drug Paracetamol 325 mg + Tramadol 37.5 mg produced by the AO «Organlka» (Novokuznetsk) and 2 ml of Tramadol 50 mg/ml solution for Injection In the postoperative period In adult patients with pain syndrome (PS) of moderate and high Intensities. Subjects and methods. The Investigation enrolled 115 patients over 18years of age with PS In the early postoperative period. The patients were divided Into groups according to the results of the postoperative history: the presence or absence of dyspeptic disorders. A control group Included 55 patients with symptoms of nausea and vomiting; they were prescribed Injectable Tramadol 50 mg/ml solution for Injections. A study group consisted of 60 patients without dyspeptic disorders who were prescribed the combined drug Paracetamol 325 mg + Tramadol 37.5 mg film-coated tablets. Its dally and single doses were Individually adjusted according to the Instruction. The efficiency of analgesic therapy was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain Intensity. Results and discussion. The duration of anesthesia varied from 1 to 20 days (an average of 4.32 days) according to pathology. The groups did not statistically differ In gender, age, and concomitant pathology. The patients' mean age was 48.33years (50.28 years In the study group and 46.2 years In the control group). Effective pain relief was achieved In 100% of cases; after taking the anesthetic, the MS scores varied from 0 to 11n both groups. There were no statistically significant differences In the results of analgesic therapy between the groups before and after taking the painkiller. This study Indicated no adverse reactions from the use of tramadol In patients taking the combined drug (Paracetamol + Tramadol). It should be noted that the use of the combined drug for pathology of trauma can significantly reduce the dally dose of tram add, which contributes to the Increased safety of patient management In the postoperative period. Conclusion. The fixed combination Paracetamol 325 mg + Tramadol 37.5 mg produced by the AO «Organika» (Novokuznetsk) allows for the effective and safe therapy of moderate and high PS Intensity and Is an alternative to the Invasive dosage forms of anesthetic drugs, while significantly reducing the manifestations of their side effects.

The Investigation enrolled 60 patients with a diagnosed localized, locally advanced or metastatic tumor. The patients were divided Into 2 groups matched by age, sex, disease stage, and nature of therapy: 1) 30 patients received BloChaga (Inonotus Obllquus) and BloDIhydroquercetln In addition to basic therapy (a study group): 2) 30 patients had standard therapy only (a comparison group). Additional Intake of BloDIhydroquercetln and BloChaga was shown to reduce the Incidence of severe complications, to Improve the quality of life and the tolerance of special treatment In patients with proven prostate cancer who received external beam radiation therapy according to the radical program and In those with bladder and penile cancer.

Psychoemotional disorders worsen the course of somatic diseases. The presence of anxiety in males with hypertension and androgen deficiency complicates the course of comorbidity and serves as a risk factor for premature death, worse prognosis, and poorer social functioning in these patients. Complex pathophysiology requires adequate antihypertensi ve and psychocorrective therapy. Glycine and lisinoptil therapy has been found to have a positive effect on the psychological state of patients with hypertension and androgen deficiency and the social aspects Ы their lives.