Immune status of COVID-19 patients with different disease severity


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Abstract

Aim. To investigate the immune status and compare immunological parameters in COVID-19 patients with different disease severity. Materials and methods. The prospective study included 62 patients with COVID-19. The patients were stratified into three groups based on the disease severity, including mild (group 1, n=29), moderate (group 2, n=17), and severe (group 3, n=16) forms of COVID-19. On days 3-7 from the onset of the disease, peripheral blood lymphocytes were phenotyped by flow cytometry. Cytokine concentrations were measured using a multiplex immunoassay-standard 48-plex Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Cytokine Screening test system (Bio-Rad, USA) on a flow-based laser immuno-analyzer Bio-Plex 200. Results. Patients with severe COVID-19 had higher levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, CRP, and lower relative and absolute lymphocyte counts. There were low counts of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, and T-lymphocytes expressing the activation marker HLA-DR (CD3+HLA-DR+), NK-cells, and PAN. In group 3, changes in 39 of the 48 investigated soluble factors were observed. Conclusion. High levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, CRP, neutrophilic-leukocyte index, low levels of absolute and relative lymphocyte counts, pronounced changes in immunological parameters, a systemic inflammatory reaction associated with the release of mediators called cytokines ("cytokine storm") predispose to a severe course of COVID-19.

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About the authors

Lubov V. Krechetova

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: l_krechetova@oparina4.ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology Moscow, Russia

Eugenia V. Inviyaeva

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: e_inviyaeva@oparina4.ru
PhD. (bio.sci.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology Moscow, Russia

Valentin F. Sadykov

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: v_sadykov@oparina4.ru
Anesthesiologist-Intensivist at the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Moscow, Russia

Valentina V. Vtorushina

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: v_vtorushina@oparina4.ru
Ph.D., Immunologist at the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology Moscow, Russia

Tatiana Yu. Ivanets

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: t_ivanets@oparina4.ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Moscow, Russia

Denis N. Silachev

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: d_silachev@oparina4.ru
Dr. Bio. Sci., Head of the Cell Technologies Laboratory Moscow, Russia

Aleksey V. Pyregov

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Director of the Institute of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Transfusiology Moscow, Russia

Nataliya V. Dolgushina

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: n_dolgushina@oparina4.ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Deputy Director - Head of the Department of Research Research and Development Moscow, Russia

Gennady T. Sukhikh

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: g_sukhikh@oparina4.ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Academician of the RAS, Director Moscow, Russia

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